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CHAPTER 4: POPULATION, SOCIETY &
CULTURE OF PAKISTAN
SLO # 1:
Population growth and regional distribution of the
population
...
SLO # 3:
Gender wise ratio of the population
Short Question/Answers
Q1
...
The load of overpopulation is increasing continuously to an alarming level in cities
...
2
...
4
...
Strain on resources
Environmental degradation
Increased competition for jobs and housing
Inadequate access to healthcare and education
Heightened social tensions
...
What is the density of population in different provinces of Pakistan?
Ans
...
2
...
4
...
53% of Pakistan’s
population lives in Punjab
...
In Sindh the average number of people per square km is 339
...
In Balochistan there are on average 35 people living in one square km
...
Write a short note on the increasement of Pakistan’s Population since creation
...
In 1947 West Pakistan had a population of 32
...
In 1951 Pakistan had a population of
33 million
...
58 million and in 2010, it exceeded
170 million
...
68 million
...
_________________
Q4
...
Ans
...
Economic Opportunities: People migrate from rural areas to urban areas in search of better
job prospects, higher wages, and improved economic opportunities
...
Access to Services: Urban areas typically offer better access to education, healthcare,
transportation, and other essential services compared to rural areas, motivating people to move to
cities for an improved quality of life
...
Urbanization and Industrialization: Rapid urbanization and industrial growth in Pakistan
attract rural migrants seeking employment in factories, businesses, and service industries located
in urban centers
...
Which factors affect the distribution and density of population among Pakistan’s
provinces?
Ans
...
Physical Geography: Terrain, climate, and natural resources influence where people settle
...
Economic Opportunities: Regions with job prospects, industries, and resources attract more
inhabitants
...
Cultural and Social Factors: Historical trends, cultural ties, and social networks impact
population distribution
...
Government Policies: Policies regarding immigration, land use, and urban planning shape
population patterns
...
Infrastructure and Services: Access to transportation, healthcare, education, and utilities
affect where people choose to live
...
Environmental Conditions: Environmental conditions such as the risk of natural disasters or
damage to the environment can make it hard for people to live in certain places
...
What do you know about the Urban and rural distribution of population in Pakistan?
Ans
...
Overall Population: Pakistan is one of the most populous countries in the world, with a
population exceeding 240 million people
...
2
...
The urban population of Pakistan has been steadily increasing due to rural-to-urban
migration and natural population growth
...
3
...
Agriculture is a key economic
activity in many rural regions
...
Urbanization Trends: Urbanization has been a notable demographic trend, with more people
moving from rural to urban areas in search of better economic opportunities, education, and
healthcare
...
Give a brief analysis of the gender composition of population in Pakistan
...
Gender-wise distribution means division of population based on male or female
...
5% while female population
constitutes 48
...
Share of females in our labor force is less
than 25 percent, larger part of female population is not financially self-supporting
...
(i
...
male 62
...
4
years)
...
__________________
SLO # 4:
Discuss the health condition in Pakistan
...
Write down the problems of the health sector
...
Problems with the Health Sector:
1
...
2
...
Each year, many people
die from diseases like malaria, cholera, tuberculosis, heart issues, cancer, and high blood
pressure
...
Poor nutrition and bad health weaken people's ability to fight off diseases
...
One important cause for diseases in Pakistan is the adulteration of food items
...
5
...
6
...
_________________
Q2
...
Ans
...
By creating awareness among the people
v)
vi)
vii)
By controlling population
By eradicating adulteration
By discouraging untrained doctors (quacks)
___________________
SLO # 5:
Describe the educational condition in Pakistan
...
Why does Pakistan have a low literacy rate?
Ans
...
Factors contributing to this include:
1
...
3
...
5
...
In Pakistan, the government is trying to help more people learn how to read and write, especially
in places where it's hard to get to school
...
Learning to read and write is important because it helps the country grow and makes people
stronger
...
_________________
Q2
...
Ans
...
Prep and Primary education: The education before class 1 is called Prep
...
From class 1 to 5 is called Primary education
which is imparted in primary schools and masjid schools
...
2
...
Secondary education is from class 9 to class 10
...
The exams of class 9 to class 12 are held under the supervision of the
Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education
...
University Education: After Higher Secondary Education the University education commences
...
Universities in
Pakistan offer undergraduate, post graduate programs of studies in general and professional
education
...
Phil
...
D
...
_________________
Q3
...
The three main challenges that most educational institutions encounter in Pakistan
are:
1
...
2
...
3
...
_________________
Q4
...
Suggestions for the Solution to Educational Problems:
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
_________________
Q5
...
Ans
...
Some of these actions include:
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
6
...
7
...
_________________
Q6
...
Ans
...
There is a scarcity of
trained teachers as well
...
3- Most of the educational institutions in Pakistan face shortage of basic facilities like clean
drinking water, electricity shortage, faulty system of sanitation, hostels, and transport problems
etc
...
What is meant by University Education?
Ans
...
Universities in Pakistan
offer undergraduate, post graduate programs of studies in general and professional education
...
Phil
...
D
...
_________________
Q8
...
Illiteracy leads to unemployment and poor decision-making
...
_________________
SLO # 6:
Basic characteristics of Pakistani society and the
vital social problems of Pakistan
...
Name any two social problems in Pakistan
...
Poverty and illiteracy are two major social problems
...
_________________
Q2
...
Poverty causes a lack of access to education and healthcare
...
_________________
Q3
...
Ans
...
The following measures should be taken to
reduce them
...
Provide Education: Free education helps people learn skills for better jobs
...
Create Jobs: Starting new industries gives people work and income
...
Offer Small Loans: Helping people start businesses can reduce poverty
...
Suggest one way to reduce unemployment in Pakistan
...
Providing skill-based education and encouraging small businesses can reduce
unemployment
...
_________________
Q5
...
Unequal distribution of wealth and its impacts:
1
...
2
...
3
...
_________________
Detailed Q/Ans
Q
...
Ans
...
Inflation: The fast-growing population of Pakistan is showing negative effects on its per capita
income
...
2
...
Despite scientific development, people lack awareness
of the rules of good health
...
Illiteracy and ignorance: Illiteracy and ignorance are major problems faced by Pakistan
...
4
...
This
leads to turmoil in the country
...
Poverty: There is a lack of appropriate employment opportunities and due to poverty, the
standard of living of people is low
...
6
...
This is creating many problems
...
Food and Water Crisis: Most people living in some remote areas are facing food shortages
and clean drinking water
...
Unemployment: Every year thousands of students graduate from universities, but the
government and private sectors do not offer them jobs, which results in an increase in
unemployment
...
Short Question/Answers
Q1
...
Ans
...
Religious Uniformity: Pakistan came into existence to provide its people a system of life
based on Islam
...
2
...
is an important feature of Pakistan’s culture
...
Social Values: In all the provinces and areas of Pakistan, excellent and distinct social
values are found
...
_________________
Q2
...
Promoting regional languages alongside Urdu strengthens communication and mutual
respect
...
_________________
Q3
...
Ans
...
Culture: Culture refers to the beliefs, customs, arts, and way of life shared by a group of people
...
Definition of Culture (Edward Tyler): Culture is related to all types of knowledge and arts, laws
and beliefs, traditions, and customs
...
_________________
Detailed Q/Ans
Q
...
Ans
...
Social Values: In all the areas of Pakistan, excellent social values are found
...
People share each
other's grief and joy
...
Panchayats solve many disputes at the local level
...
Foods: Different areas of Pakistan have different food preferences
...
In Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa people
eat meat, dry and fresh fruits wheat, barley and rice
...
In Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, people prefer green tea (kehwa)
...
Now these dishes are appreciated from Peshawar to Karachi
...
3
...
The constitution of Pakistan gives complete protection to the minorities
...
Mixed Culture: In the past, people who settled in areas which now comprise Pakistan came
from different areas
...
These groups had an influence on each other, and a mixed culture
emerged
...
Dress: Pakistani dresses are made keeping in mind climatic and religious needs
...
Women like to wear dupatta,
shalwar and kurtas
...
A shalwar with many folds is preferred in Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Sindh
...
On a wedding, the bridal dresses are very beautiful
...
Fairs and Urses: Countless fairs and urses are organized each year in Pakistan
...
The urses of the great saints Hazrat Data Ganj Baksh Ali Hajvery,
Hazrat Farid-ud-Din Shakr Ganj
...
Hazrat Sayedin Shah, Hazrat Sachal
Sarmast in Sindh, Hazrat Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai in Sindh are held yearly
...
7
...
is world famous
...
Polo is extremely
popular in Gilgit and the Northern Areas
...
Religious Festivals: Most of the population of Pakistan is Muslims
...
These festivals include Eid-ul-Fiter, Eid-ul-Azha,
Eid-Milad-un-Nabi, Shab-e-Meraj and Shab-e-Baraat
...
9
...
Marriage is an Islamic obligation and on a specific day the
custom of Nikah is observed
...
When a Muslim passes away, relatives, near and dear ones and acquaintances
gather at the deceased's house
...
10
...
Badshahi Mosque, Shahi Qila,
WAPDA House (all in Lahore), Faisal -Mosque (Islamabad), Mosque Mohabat Khan and Qila of
Bala-Hisar (Peshawar), Quaid-e-Azam Residency (Ziarat) and Qila of Qallat
...
Men and women make handicrafts
...
The art of painting in Pakistan unique
...
Works of art of painting and calligraphy belonging to Mughal times and modern times are
displayed in the Lahore Museum and Shahi Qila
...
Short Question/Answers
Q1
...
Ans
...
Urdu was known for different names in its evolutionary stages
...
It became more standardized during the
Mughal Empire and evolved further during British rule in India
...
_________________
Q2
...
Urdu has a vital role in producing cohesion in Pakistan
...
It is spoken and understood all over Pakistan
...
It has been the medium of education
...
How important are languages for creating unity and cohesion in Pakistan?
Ans
...
Languages are vital for
creating unity and cohesion due to several reasons:
1
...
Urdu is one language
that helps everyone understand each other
...
Preservation of Cultural Heritage: Each language spoken in Pakistan represents a unique
cultural heritage and identity
...
We
want to make sure all these cultures stay alive and strong
...
National Identity: Urdu, as the national language of Pakistan, plays a significant role in shaping
the country's national identity
...
When we speak Urdu, we feel like
we're all part of the same country
...
Inclusivity and Representation: We should respect and accept all the languages spoken in
Pakistan
...
5
...
Pakistan's rich literary traditions in languages like Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, and
Balochi contribute to its cultural diversity and serve as platforms for creative expression and
storytelling
...
_________________
Q4
...
The highly esteemed poet Sachal Sarmast wrote poetry in Sindhi, Urdu, Saraiki, Punjabi
and Persian languages
...
His works helped popularize
Sindhi literature and fostered a sense of pride in the language among the people of Sindh
...
In mysticism, his special topic was wahdat-ul-wajood
...
Sur Sarang: A collection of Sachal Sarmast's poetry, reflecting his philosophical and spiritual
insights
...
Risalo: Another compilation of Sachal Sarmast's poetry, containing verses that explore themes
of love, mysticism, and human nature
...
Jeebho Ji Tahqiq: offers deeper insights into Sachal Sarmast's poetry by analyzing and
interpreting his literary works and philosophical ideas
...
How did Rehman Baba play his role in the spread of Pushto language?
Ans
...
His
poems were written in Pushto and reflected the beauty, culture, and values of the Pashtun people
...
1
...
2
...
_________________
Q6
...
Baba Bulleh Shah, a Punjabi Sufi poet from the 18th century, embraced love, unity, and
equality in his verses
...
Bulleh
Shah's work is admired for its beauty and wisdom, making him a revered figure in Punjabi
literature and culture, still cherished today
...
Kafiyan: This is a collection of his poetry, which consists of his mystical and spiritual verses
known as "Kafis
...
Bulleh Shah Diwan: Another collection of his poetry which includes a wide range of themes
such as love, spirituality, and social commentary
...
List down the names of famous Kashmiri poets
...
Names of famous Kashmiri poets:
1
...
3
...
5
...
List down the names of important Sindhi poets and prose writers
...
Names of famous Sindhi poets:
1
...
Sachal Sarmast
3
...
2
...
4
...
Briefly explain the background of the name of Pushto language
...
Background of the name of Pushto language: This language probably originated 5000
years back in the Bakht area of Afghanistan
...
Before the advent of Islam in this region Pushto was written in Khroshti script
...
_________________
Q10
...
Ans
...
Ameer Karor
2
...
Rehman Baba
_________________
Q11
...
Ans
...
2
...
4
...
6
...
8
...
Why is Urdu called the national language of communication in Pakistan?
Ans
...
Urdu is such a vast language
that is spoken in different accents and discourses
...
Urdu is the national language of Pakistan
...
1
...
History, politics, civilization,
literature, values, and religious teachings of Muslims are attached to this language
...
Commonly Spoken Language: Urdu language enjoys the privilege that it is used in all
provinces as a commonly spoken language
...
No other language enjoys the same privilege
...
Easy and Comprehensible: Urdu language is very easy and comprehensible
...
4
...
Owing to this rich thesaurus, it can present different essays and
thoughts
...
Islamic Studies and Literature: This is only Urdu language, after Arabic and Persian, that
holds the distinction of having stored the vast priceless assets of our religion
...
6
...
We can proudly present this precious
asset in front of the world
...
Vast Storage of Knowledge and Literature: History of Urdu is rich in the best examples
of art of composition and scriptures, Khat-e-Nastaliq is the best calligraphic hand
...
8
...
In Middle East and Central Asian Estates Urdu language is gradually
growing as a public language, even in Turkey and Japan a separate department of Urdu
language has been setup by the Universities of respective countries
...
Language of Heritage: Along with being a language of communication, Urdu language is
also a guarantee to heritage
...
So Urdu is pioneer of this entire heritage
...
National Identity: Urdu is the national identity of the people living in Pakistan
...
Urdu-Hindi controversy laid the foundation of Two Nation Theory in subcontinent and
Pakistan came into being on the basis of this very ideology, and Urdu was declared national
language of Pakistan
...
Write a detailed note on the gradual development of Urdu language
...
Urdu, Pakistan's national language, symbolizes national identity and serves as a means of
communication
...
"
Gradual development of Urdu: Originally known as Hindwi, Hindi, and Hindustani, Urdu later
became Reekhta, taking on different names over time
...
During the Reekhta period, Mushafee gained popularity, while poets like Mirza Ghalib and Zauq
flourished in Urdu-e-Muala
...
The language spread to Deccan
and Gujarat, known as Deccani and Gujrati respectively
...
Beginning of Urdu Poetry: Early Urdu Poetry: Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah of Golkanda
compiled the first poetry collection
...
Urdu's
popularity extended to Oudh and Lucknow
...
The 19th century saw significant development in thematic poetry, with poets
like Zauq, Mirza Ghalib, and Bahadur Shah Zafar
...
Maulana Haali's Musaddas shook the nation, while Allama Iqbal's poetry emphasized South Asian
Muslims' cultural heritage in both Urdu and Persian
...
Following Iqbal, modern literature spurred a progressive movement in Urdu literature
...
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's Aligarh
Movement spurred Urdu prose development alongside Muslim social progress
...
Maulana Shibli
reimagined Islamic history
...
__________________
Q3
...
Sindhi
Kashmiri
Punjabi
Pushto
Balochi
Ans
...
It has six major
accents/dialects: Shah Puri, Majhi, Chachi, Saraiki, Dhani, and Pothwari
...
Punjabi literature traces back to Mahmood Ghaznavi's era, focusing on
mysticism, love, romance, and patriotism
...
Folk tales
by poets like Waris Shah are famous, portraying Punjab's history and life
...
Punjabi literature captures life's
nuances through various forms like Waar, Dhol, and Tappay
...
D
...
Sindh Language: Sindhi, spoken in Sindh province, has roots in the Ariyal Family and the Indus
River Valley
...
English words were incorporated during British rule
...
Sindhi was the first language to translate the Holy Quran and has a rich literary history,
dating back to 1050-1350
...
Abdul Hassan Sindhi and Makhdoom
Muhammad Hashim contributed significantly to Sindhi prose and script development
...
Mirza Qaleech Beg wrote 400 books
...
Modern Sindhi writers blend
classical and contemporary styles, supported by language institutions
...
Balochi Language: Balochi Language: Spoken in Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochi is related to the
Aryan language
...
Famous Balochi literature includes
tales of Mir Chakar Khan and others
...
PostPakistan, a Balochi script developed from Urdu letters
...
D
...
Pushto Language: Pashto Language: Spoken in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pashto originated in
Afghanistan
...
Pashto absorbed Arabic and Persian words
...
Khushal Khan Khattak and Rahman Baba are famous poets, discussing liberty and
mysticism
...
Pashto prose grew in the 20th
century, post-Pakistan, with works in dictionary, grammar, biography, short story, novel, and
drama writing
...
Popular dialects include Musalmanki, Hindki, Gandoro, and Gami, with Gandoro
being more literary
...
The first focused on folk songs expressing
collective Kashmiri sentiments
...
The third era introduced romance-themed poetry, led by poetess Hiba Khatoon
...
The fifth era emerged under the influence of modern
literature
...
Short Question/Answers
Q1
...
On 11th August 1947, the Quaid-e-Azam (RA) while making a speech regarding the place of
minorities said:
"After the partition of India, for minorities to be in one state or the other was inevitable
...
No matter what relation someone had with you in the past, no matter what his color,
caste or creed is, no matter what community he belongs to, there will be no end to the progress
you make
...
mosques or other
places of worship
...
________________
Q2
...
Ans
...
Mervyn Middlecoat: He fought bravely and laid his life in 1971 Indo-Pakistan war
...
Dr
...
A
...
4
...
Calara Pasha: Principal nursing college, Islamabad
...
Trace the role of minorities in Pakistan with specific reference to Quaid’s speech of 11th
August 1947
...
The role of minorities in the creation and development of Pakistan is very significant
...
Quaid-e-Azam, the founder of Pakistan reminded us again and again that Pakistan will treat its
minorities with justice, equality and respect
...
You are fee to go to your mosques or to any other place of worship in this
state of Pakistan
...
We are starting with this fundamental principle that we are
all equal citizens; and equal citizens of one state”
...
" His choice of Jogendra Nath Mandal as the
first Law Minister in his cabinet expressed his will to give equal rights to minorities
...
They have always tried to perform prominently in all fields
...
He has rendered invaluable
services
...
He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
...
Justice Badi-uz-Zaman Kakaos had
great knowledge of the Quran and Sunnah
...
Justice (Retd
...
Role in Military: Group Captain Eric Gardenhall, Wing Commander Marvin Middlecoat, Squadron
Leader Peter Christie and Flight Lieutenant William D
...
Harcharan Singh was the first Sikh officer to be
included in the Pakistan Army
...
Kailash Kumar has been promoted to the rank of
Lieutenant colonel in Pakistan Army
...
Role in Social Services: Minorities play an important role in social services
...
Doctor Drago of Mirpur Khas was famous especially
for treating poor patients
...
Avari
...
Pakistan is a multicultural bouquet of many religions,
languages and cultures and the difference only add to its beauty