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Title: Cell Structure and Membrane Support Notes
Description: Notes from 'Cell Structure and Membrane Support' lecture, part of the Cells to Systems module
Description: Notes from 'Cell Structure and Membrane Support' lecture, part of the Cells to Systems module
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Cell Structure and Membrane
Support
Created
Class
@October 23, 2024 10:17 AM
Cells to Systems
Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell
Nucleolus
Produces RNA and ribosomes
Centrosomes
Cell division
Cell Membrane
Barrier covering the cell
Cell transport regulation
Isolates organelles from cytoplasm
Lipid bilayer
Allows cell to change shape
Lipid Bilayer
Contains hydrophobic lipid tails
Fat soluble substances cross membrane
Amino acids and proteins use transporters to cross
Ions use ion channels as transportation
Ribosomes
Cell Structure and Membrane Support
1
Protein factory
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Produces lipids, steroids and vitamins
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Protein transport
Golgi Apparatus
Sorting office for proteins and waste excretion
Vesicle
Transports materials
Destroys toxic substances
Waste excretion
Nucleus
Contains genetic material
Mitochondria
Powerhouse
ATP Production
Able to self replicate
Used in apoptosis
Cytoplasm
Provides function to cells
Produces chemical environment for organelles
Protein Synthesis Steps:
Transcription
RNA Polymerase combines with DNA strand
Cell Structure and Membrane Support
2
Nucleotides are used for mRNA construction
Translation
mRNA leaves the nucleus
Takes tRNA from a ribosome,
tRNA has amino acids that bonds with another group of amino acids in
mRNA
Produces polypeptide chains
Golgi Apparatus
Sorts and packages proteins before they are sent off in a vesicle
Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton provides a landing point for proteins
DNA Replication
(DNA Primase creates RNA molecules as primers for DNA polymerases)
Method 1:
Double helix splits into 2 sections
ACGT bases are added by RNA primer
Nucleotides are added to continue the replication process
Method 2:
Short sections of the strand forms Okazaki fragments
Linked together by Ligase enzymes
Creates the ‘Leading and Lagging Strands’
IONS MOVE ACROSS THE MEMBRANE USING A PUMP AND ACQUIRED ATP
...
CELLS CAN BECOME POSITIVELY OR NEGATIVELY CHARGED DEPENDING ON
THE IONS ABSORBED
Depolarisation
Potential difference reaches -55mV
Causes sodium channels to open
Sodium ions flood through the channel
Repolarisation
Potential difference of +30V
Sodium channels close and potassium channels open
Membrane is more permeable to potassium
Ions diffuse down the concentration gradient
70mV Resting Potential
Ion channels reset, sodium- potassium pump returns cell membrane to resting
potential and awaits stimuli
Prokaryote Cell- Contains no nucleus and is a single celled bacteria
Eukaryotic- Has a nucleus and other complex cell structures e
...
Receptor binds to particle e
...
Vesicle forms from clatharin molecule after it folds
3
Title: Cell Structure and Membrane Support Notes
Description: Notes from 'Cell Structure and Membrane Support' lecture, part of the Cells to Systems module
Description: Notes from 'Cell Structure and Membrane Support' lecture, part of the Cells to Systems module