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Improvement in Food Resources
Periodic Test
Q
...
How do plants get nutrients?
Answer: A nutrient is a substance of chemical nature
...
Green plants capture solar energy using
chlorophyll in their leaves
...

Therefore, plants need to get fluids and nutrients from the ground up through their
stems to different parts that are above ground level
...
They obtain these 16 essential
macronutrients and micronutrients from air, water, and soil
...
Major portion of nutrients come from soil
...
2
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In this the yield depends upon the environmental condition and fish
habitat
...
Farming can be done in both
freshwater ecosystem (which includes river water, pond water) and marine ecosystem
...

Q
...
What is vermicompost?
Answer: The organic matter that has been decomposed (broken-down by biological
processes) in a process is called composting
...
These worms increase
the time of compost and ensures good quality of compost
...
4
...
They feed on the various types of grains
...
For example, boll weevils a pest on cotton
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They occur due
to moisture (present in food grains), sunlight, temperature, wind and water they all have
adverse effect of food grains leading to their loss
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Their occurrence has a great impact on crops
sometimes, destroying the entire crop
...

Q
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What are milch and draught animals?
Answer:

Q
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Give Reasons for the following:
Why micronutrients and macronutrients are called so? What role do they play?
Answer: Plant concentrations of essential elements may exceed or fall from the critical
concentration which is the minimum concentrations required for growth
...

Example of Macronutrients: N, K, Ca, Mg, P, and S
They are required for Micronutrients are opposite of macronutrients
...

Example of micronutrients: Cl, Fe, B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, and Ni
Q
...
Give Reasons for the following:

Why should preventive measures and biological control methods be preferred for
protecting crops?
Answer: Preventive measures and biological control methods should be preferred for
protecting crops because excessive use of chemicals can cause harm to the
environment
...
These
chemicals are absorbed by the plants along with water and minerals from the soil and
are taken by aquatic plants and animals as well
...
These measures include proper soil and
seed preparation, timely sowing of seeds, intercropping and mixed cropping, usage of
disease resistant crops, etc
...
Therefore, both
preventive measures and biological control methods are considered eco-friendly
methods of crop protection
...
8
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Why?
Answer: Genetic manipulation is a process of transferring (genes) characters that are
desirable from one plant to another plant
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When the gene for a particular character is introduced in a plant cell, a transgenic plant
is produced
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For example, let us assume there is a wild plant that produces small fruits
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Similarly, genes for higher yield, disease
resistance, etc
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Therefore, gene manipulation
plays an important role in agricultural practices
...
It
ensures food security and insect resistant crops
...

Q
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Give Reasons for the following:
Why are manure and fertilizers used in fields?
Answer: Manures and fertilizers are required in fields to enrich the soil with the
desirable nutrients
...
This improves the
fertility and structure of the soil
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For example: Green manure- it act as organic fertilizers by nourishing plants with
nitrogen and phosphorous which helps in enhancing growth of plants
...
They
are a good source of macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
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Their excessive use also reduces soil fertility
...

Q
...
Give Reasons for the following:
Why good animal husbandry practices are considered very beneficial for the
farmers?
Answer: Animal husbandry is concerned with the care and management of livestock
...
Hence to satisfy
the increasing demands of people for animal food, animal husbandry is essential
...
This
increases the profit of farmers
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Hence, time and effort need not be spent on
nursing the sick animals and preventing other animals from falling sick
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● The animal-based farming practices are undertaken by farmers along with agriculture
as mixed farming
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For example: using bulls for plugging in the field
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11
...
12
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Answer:

Q
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Differentiate between capture fishing, mariculture and aquaculture
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14
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Answer: In agricultural practices, instead of fertilizers, manures should be commonly
employed because continuous use of fertilizers in an area can destroy soil fertility as the
organic matter in the soil is not replenished
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Disrupting the nature
of soil will hamper in the production of crop
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15
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Answer:

Q
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How do biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production?
Answer: A variety of biotic factors such as pests, nematodes, diseases, etc
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A pest causes damage to agriculture by feeding on crops
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It attacks the cotton crop, thereby reducing its
yield
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Similarly, abiotic factors such as salinity, temperature, etc
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Some natural calamities such as droughts and floods are unpredictable
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These are the two main types of factors also responsible for the loss of grains during
storage
...

Q
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Compare the use of manure and fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility
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i
...

ii
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This
involves increasing the water holding capacity in sandy soil
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Manures contain substances which act as stimulants for seed germination and plant
growth
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i
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Continuous use of fertilizers in an area
can destroy soil fertility as the organic matter in the soil is not replenished
...
It also affects various microorganisms present in the soil which are beneficial for
maintaining soil quality
...
Hence, fertilizers are considered good for only short-term use
...
18
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Intercropping is a farming method that involves planting or growing more than one crop
at the same time and on the same piece of land
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Intercropping gives higher income per unit area than sole cropping
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It acts as an insurance against failure of crop in abnormal year
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Intercrops maintain soil fertility as the nutrient uptake is made from both layers
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Reduce soil runoff
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This process helps maintain
nutrients in the soil, reduce soil erosion, and prevents plant diseases and pests
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Explanation- From the word itself it determines the use of different crops one by one on
single land so that the nutrients consumed by 1st crop are not required for 2nd crop and
will give time to the soil for replenishing itself with those exhausted and the remaining
nutrients will help in the growth of 2nd crop
...
19 A
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This substance is called compost or humus
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Composting biodegrades organic waste like food waste, manure, leaves,
grass trimmings, paper, wood, feathers, crop residue etc
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This natural biological process, carried out under controlled aerobic conditions (requires
oxygen)
...
The effectiveness of the composting
process is dependent upon the environmental conditions present within the composting
system i
...
oxygen, temperature, moisture, material disturbance, organic matter and the
size and activity of microbial populations
...
19 B
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Organic means
use of only eco-friendly products to keep the plants healthy
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It is practice of raising unpolluted crops through the use of manures, bio-fertilizers and
bio-pesticides with healthy cropping systems that provide optimum nutrients to plants
and keep the pests as well as weeds under control
...
Therefore, there is no toxicity due to pollution of crop plants, soil, water
or air
...

● Weed management- Bio-pesticides are organism or their extracts which repel or kill
weeds, insects and other pests
...

Q
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What is the composition of normal animal feed? What kind of feed promotes
the health and milk output of dairy animals?
Answer: Animal feed needs to meet the requirements of the animal
...

Generally, animals must have a ration containing:
● Energy (from carbohydrates and fats) to maintain the body and produce products
(milk, meat, work)
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● Protein is needed for body building (growth) and maintenance as well as milk
production
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Excess protein is converted to urea and fat
● Minerals help in body building as well as in biological regulation of growth and
reproduction
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● Vitamins help regulate the biological processes in the body and become a source of
nutrients in milk
● Water helps all over in body building, heat regulation, biological processes as well as
a large constituent of milk production as well as eggs
...

(a) Roughage: It largely contains fibers such as green fodder, silage, hay and legumes
like berseem, cowpea
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It includes cotton seeds, oilseeds, oats, barley, gram and their by-products
like wheat, beans and molasses etc
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Besides
such nutritious food material, certain feed additives containing micronutrients promote
the health and milk output of dairy animals
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1
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(i) and (iii)
B
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(ii) and (iii)
D
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Hence (i) is correct
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Hence statement (ii) is
wrong
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The aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does
not occur naturally in the species
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Cross between plants of two species is called as inter-specific hybridization
...

Q
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Weeds affect the crop plants by:
A
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Dominating the plants to grow
C
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All of the above
Answer: Weeds compete for food, space and light
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They may sometimes produce toxic substances
which may interfere with crop growth
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Hence statement C is correct
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3
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Apis dorsata
B
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Apis cerana indica
D
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It has been
used to increase the yield of honey because:
a) They have high honey collection capacity
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4
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(ii) It increases the water holding capacity of sandy soil
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A
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(i) and (ii)
C
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(iii) and (iv)
Answer: Statement (i) and (ii) are correct because manure is prepared from the
breakdown of plant and animal waste products
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Manures contribute to the fertility of the soil by adding organic matter and some
essential nutrients like N, P and K which helps in enhancing growth of plants
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It helps in regulating water holding capacity of soil so that water is not lost from
the plant soil early by evaporation
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Hence statement
(iii) is false and (ii) is correct
...

Q
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The major groups of activities for improving crop yields can be classified as:
A
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Crop production improvement
C
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All of these

Answer: For A- Depends on finding a crop variety that can give a good yield
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For B- crop production depends upon many factors such as:
(i) Understanding how crops grow and develop
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(iii) Modification and management of each factor for increasing the yield of the crop
For C- Protecting the crops from weeds, harmful pesticides etc
...

Q
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The shorter duration crops help the farmer:
A
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By allowing farmers to grow multiple rounds of crops in a year
C
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Both (A) and (B)
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Thus, overall variety improvement
makes the situation more profitable
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Hence D is correct
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7
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Crop-rotation
B
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Intercropping
D
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It is a way of crop-variety improvement
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Rest others, crop-rotation, intercropping and multiple cropping are different farming
methods for crop production management
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8
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Degradation in quality and discolouration of produce
B
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Poor germinability
D
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and various abiotic factors such as inappropriate moisture,
temperature, lack of sunlight, flood, etc
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These
factors act on stored grains and result in degradation, poor germinability, discoloration,
etc
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Hence all of
them are correct
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9
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(i), (ii) and (iii)
B
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(iii) and (iv)
D
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Using this method:
● Better breeds of draught animals can be produced
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● Good quality and quantity of milk can be produced
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Hence A is correct
...

Q
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Which of the following are Indian cattle?
(i) Bos indicus
(ii) Bos domestica
(iii) Bos bubalis

(iv) Bos vulgaris
A
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(i) and (ii)
C
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(iii) and (iv)
Answer: Bos indicus is the scientific name of zebu cattle and Bos bubalis is the
scientific name of buffalo
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Indigenous breeds (local breed of a region) of cattle are known for:
(a) Its disease resistance,
(b) Good milk yield around 1200-1900 per lactation
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Q
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Which of the following are exotic breeds?
(i) Prawn
(ii) Jersey
(iii) Brown Swiss
(iv) Jersey Swiss
A
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(ii) and (iii)
C
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(ii) and (iv)
Answer: Jersey and Brown swiss are the two exotic breeds
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Hence B is correct
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12
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(i) and (iii)
B
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(ii) and (iii)
D
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In
poultry the improved varieties are developed for improving the quality and quantity of
chicks
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Hence A is correct
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13
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Lentil
B
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China rose
D
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It belongs to Asteraceae family
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Lentils are edible legume whereas China rose is a flower
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Q
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Which one is not a source of carbohydrate?
A
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Sorghum
C
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Millets
Answer: Millets are a group of highly variable small-seeded grasses, widely grown
around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food
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, are rich source of carbohydrates
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Hence C is correct
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15
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Iron
B
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Nitrogen
D
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But Iron is a
micronutrient, meaning it is required by plants in lesser amounts than primary or
secondary macronutrients
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16
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Rohu
B
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Mrigals
D
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This feeds on
zooplanktons
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Rohu are column feeders which are omnivores (flesh eaters)
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Hence correct answer is B
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17
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Millets
B
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Lentil
D
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Oats have adequate soluble carbohydrates to make good silage
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The fat content of oats increases the
energy content of animals
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Since
oats can be rations when fed in mixtures with other grains
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Q
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Find out the wrong statement from the following:
A
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Blue revolution is meant for increase in fish production
C
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None of the above
Answer: White Revolution focused on dairy products
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It leads to more production of milk
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And sustainable agriculture is the production of food or other plant or animal products
using farming techniques that protect the environment, public health, human
communities, and animal welfare
...

Q
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To solve the food problem of the country, which among the following is
necessary?
A
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Easy access of people to the food grains
C
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All of the above
Answer: All of these are required for solving the food problem of the country
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Food should be available to every part of the country at cheaper rates, then
only each and every person will be able to feed itself
...

Q
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The preventive and control measures which are used before grains are
stored for future use includes:
A
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Proper drying of the produce first in sunlight and then in shade
C
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All of these
Answer: Proper cleaning is required so that fungus or other bacteria’s don’t grow on
stored grains
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Fume forming pesticides also aid in food grain storage protection
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21
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Viruses
B
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Fungi
D
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coli infections,
aspergillosis can infect chickens
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Comprehensive Exercises (T/F)
Q
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Write true or false for the following statements:
Animal feed includes vitamins and proteins mainly
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They all are required for proper growth of animals
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(c) Roughage: It largely contains fibres such as green fodder, silage, hay and legumes
like berseem, cowpea
...
It includes cotton seeds, oilseeds, oats, barley, gram and their by-products
like wheat, beans and molasses etc
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2
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Answer: False
A healthy animal feeds regularly cannot have an abnormal posture
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Q
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Write true or false for the following statements:
The level vitamins C and D is kept high in the poultry feeds
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Vitamin A provide proper fertility
and K provides good bone health in poultry animals
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4
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Answer: False
Broilers require maintenance of temperature and hygienic conditions to grow fast and
low mortality
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The fat
content also should be adequate
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They require restricted and calculated feed with vitamins, minerals and micronutrients
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5
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Answer: False
Broilers are reared for the meat production
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The fat content also should be adequate
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Q
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Write true or false for the following statements:
Pomphret, mackerel, tuna, sardines and Bombay duck are the popular freshwater
fish varieties
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Here are no freshwater fishes
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Mackerel are mostly found along the
coast lines
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Q
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Write true or false for the following statements:
Bhetki, mullets, pearl spots and prawns are some of marine fish of high economic
value
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They have the healthy nutrients in
them if consumed in a human diet
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8
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Answer: True
Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as
rivers and lakes
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Example: rohu, catla etc
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9
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Answer: True

The more the availability of flowers to bees, more will be the nectar and pollen collection
by them and hence more honey and the health of flower determines the quality of
honey
...
10
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Answer: True
If the flowers are healthy then the nectar collected by bees from then will produce good
quality of honey

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