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HYBRIDIZATION AND
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
Hybridization occurs when atomic orbitals are combined to form new hybrid orbitals
that are defined by a particular shape and energy
...
The type of hybridization depends on the number of bonded
atoms and lone pairs of electrons around the atom
...


Electronegativity: The ability of an atom to attract and bind electrons
...
Electronegativity
is measured on the Pauling scale
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0),
and the least is cesium (0
...


When two atoms with different electronegativities combine together, the more
electronegative atom will have a partial negative charge and the less electronegative
atom will have a partial positive charge
...


For example, the molecule hydrogen fluoride (HF) has a dipole moment because the
fluorine atom is much more electronegative than the hydrogen atom
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The separation of the positive and negative charges is known as the
dipole moment
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In the molecule carbon dioxide (CO2), for instance,
the carbon atom in the center undergoes sp hybridization to form two linear sp hybrid
orbitals
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In summary, hybridization and electronegativity are key concepts in chemistry and are
closely related
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