Notesale: Turn your study into money

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NETWORKING AND INTERNETWORKING DEVICES
1
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i
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A REPEATER WORKS AS A SIGNAL
AMPLIFIER
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 REPEATER REGENERATE ANALOG OR DIGITAL SIGNALS DISTORTED BY
TRANSMISSION LOSS
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 ANALOG REPEATER ONLY AMPLIFY THE SIGNAL
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2
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 HUB IS ALSO KNOWN AS MULTIPORT REPEATER
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TYPES
(I)
ACTIVE HUBS:
A CENTRAL CONNECTING DEVICE IN A NETWORK THAT
REGENERATES SIGNALS ON THE OUTPUT SIDE TO KEEP THE SIGNAL STRONG
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IT DOES NOT
REGENERATES
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 ENABLES AN ADMINISTRATOR TO CONFIGURE EACH PORT IN THE HUB
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USES
 HUBS REPEATES ALL THE INFORMATION IT RECEIVES AND FORWARD IT TO ALL PC
TERMINALS ATTACHED TO IT
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 THE DATA IS SENT IN BULK WITHOUT THE IDENTIFICATION OF ITS DESTINATION
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BRIDGE
BRIDGES ARE USED TO CONNECT MULTIPLE NETWORK SEGMENTS
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IT WORKS AT DATA LINK LAYER OF OSI MODEL
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WORKING
 BRIDGE INSPECT INCOMING TRAFFIC AND DECIDE WHETHER TO FORWARD OR
DISCARD IT
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4
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 SWITCHES ARE USED AT DATA LINK LAYER OF OSI MODEL
WORKING
 RECEIVES A MESSAGE FROM ANY DEVICE CONNECTED TO IT AND THEN TRANSMITS
THE MESSAGE ONLY TO THAT DEVICE FOR WHICH THE MESSAGE WAS MEANT
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HUB RECEIVES A MESSAGE AND THEN
TRANSMITS IT TO ALL THE OTHER DEVICES ON ITS NETWORK
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TYPES OF SWITCHING
 THERE ARE FOUR FORWARDING METHODS A BRIDGE OR SWITCH CAN BE USED
(1) STORE AND FORWARD
 THE STORE AND FORWARD SWITCH BUFFERS AND VERIFIES EACH FRAME BEFORE
FORWARDING IT
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(2) CUT THROUGH
 CUT THROUGH SWITCHES READ ONLY UP TO THE FRAME’S HARDWARE ADDRESS
BEFORE STARTING TO FORWARD IT
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IT IS FASTEST THAN OTHERS
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 FRAGMENT FREE CHECKS THE FIRST 64 BYTES OF THE FRAME, WHERE ADDRESSING
INFORMATION IS STORED
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 NOW A DAYS MOST USING SWITCH IS STORE AND FORWARDING SWITCH
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ROUTER
 ROUTER IS A SPECIALIZED COMPUTER CONNECTED TO MORE THAN ONE
NETWORK
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 ROUTER WORKS AT NETWORK LAYER OF OSI MODEL
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 SEVERAL COMPANIES THAT MAKE ROUTERS ARE: CISCO, 3COM, JUNIPER, HP,
NORTEL

 EACH INTERFACE OF A ROUTER PROVIDES A SEPERATE BROADCAST DOMAIN

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