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BTEC APPLIED SCIENCE UNIT 1 BIOLOGY
EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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Short distance for
osmosis and diffusion

Describe the adaptations of a sperm cell - correct Answers -Lots of
mitochondria

Shaped head containing acrosome (with enzymes)
Haploid nucleus
Tail for movement

Explain why a sperm cell has an undulipodium (tail) - correct Answers -To
allow the sperm to move to the egg

Explain why sperm cells contain large numbers of mitochondria - correct
Answers -To produce the large amounts of energy needed for movement

Explain why sperm cells have a shaped head - correct Answers -To push
through the protective layer of the egg cell

Explain why sperm cells contain acrosome in the head - correct Answers To digest the zona pellucida to allow entry into the egg cell

Explain why sperm cells have a haploid nucleus - correct Answers Contains half the genetic material
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Explain why egg cells have a corona radiata (two or three layers attached to
the zona pellucida) - correct Answers -Contains all of the proteins needed
to develop the fertilised cell

Describe the adaptations of red blood cells - correct Answers -No nucleus
(mammals only)
Biconcave shape
Haemoglobin
Flexible

Explain why red blood cells don't contain a nucleus - correct Answers Allows for more oxygen to be carried in the cell

Explain why red blood cells have a biconcave shape - correct Answers Increased surface area for gas exchange

Explain why red blood cells contain haemoglobin - correct Answers -To
bind with the oxygen in order for it to be carried around the body

Explain why red blood cells are flexible - correct Answers -To fit through
the tiny blood vessels such as capillaries

Describe the adaptations of white blood cells - correct Answers -Multilobed nucleus
Enzymes found within the lysosomes

Explain why white blood cells have a multi-lobed nucleus - correct
Answers -To enable the cell to squeeze through tiny gaps when travelling to
the site of infection

Explain why the lysosomes found within the cytoplasm of white blood cells
contain enzymes - correct Answers -To digest engulfed pathogens

Name the 3 different types of epithelial tissue - correct Answers Squamous epithelial tissue
Columnar epithelial tissue
Endothelium tissue

Describe squamous epithelial tissue - correct Answers -A lining tissue that
is only one cell thick
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Where can squamous epithelial tissue be found? - correct Answers -As it is
a lining tissue it can be found inside alveoli

How can squamous epithelial tissue be damaged by smoking? - correct
Answers -Inflammation and scarring of tissue
Tissue gets thicker and produces more mucus
Diffusion pathway is increased

What does COPD stand for? - correct Answers -Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disorder

What symptoms can be displayed from COPD? - correct Answers Breathlessness
Persistent coughing
Phlegm build up

What conditions are considered part of COPD? - correct Answers Emphysema
Bronchitis
Asthma

Describe columnar epithelial tissue - correct Answers -Column shaped
ciliated cells and goblet cells held in place by a membrane

What is meant by the term ciliated cell? - correct Answers -A cell covered
in cilia
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This leads to a buildup of mucus
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What organelles do these cells
share? - correct Answers -Nuclei and cytoplasm, inside which are many
mitochondria and specialised ER

Why do muscle cells contain many mitochondria? - correct Answers -To
provide large amounts of energy to the muscle for contractions

Give the term used to describe the stripy bands seen within skeletal muscle
under a microscope - correct Answers -Striations

Myofibril is made up of dark and light bands
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What are the
names of these filaments? - correct Answers -Thick = myosin filament
Thin = actin filament

What happens to the sarcomere during muscle contraction? - correct
Answers -It shortens

What are the two types of skeletal muscle? - correct Answers -Fast twitch
and slow twitch

Which sports are slow twitch muscle fibres best for? - correct Answers Long distance running and cycling

Fast twitch muscles can be further divided into two sub-categories, what
are they? - correct Answers -Fast twitch oxidative muscles and fast twitch
glycolytic muscles

Which sports are fast twitch oxidative muscle fibres best for? - correct
Answers -Mid-range sports such as1500m

Which sports are fast twitch glycolytic muscle fibres best for? - correct
Answers -Sprinting, short burst sports

What type of exercise are slow twitch muscles designed for? - correct
Answers -Aerobic exercise

What type of exercise are fast twitch muscles designed for? - correct
Answers -Anaerobic exercise

In which type of muscle fibre is the speed of contraction slowest? - correct
Answers -Slow twitch

In which type of muscle fibre is the speed of contraction highest? - correct
Answers -Fast glycolytic twitch

Describe the characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibres - correct Answers
-Less sarcoplasmic reticulum (specialised ER)
More mitochondria
More myoglobin
A dense capillary network

Describe the characteristics of fast oxidative muscle fibres - correct
Answers -Similar to slow twitch with many mitochondria, myoglobin and
capillaries
Hydrolyse ATP faster to contract more quickly

Describe the characteristics of fast glycolytic twitch muscle fibres - correct
Answers -Few mitochondria and capillaries
Less myoglobin
Large concentration of glycogen for anaerobic respiration

What structures make up the nervous system? - correct Answers -Brain,
spinal cord, nerves

What is the scientific name for nerve cells? - correct Answers -Neurones

Name the organelles of the neurone - correct Answers -Dendrite,
cytoplasm, nucleus, soma, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminal, Schwann
cell, node of Ranvier

What parts of the nervous system make up the central nervous system? correct Answers -Brain and spinal cord

Which parts of the nervous system make up the peripheral nervous system?
- correct Answers -Neurones

Define the term 'synapse' - correct Answers -The small gap in between the
axon terminal of one neurone and the dendrite of the next neurone

Define the term 'action potential - correct Answers -The impulse passed
along the axon

Define the term 'resting potential - correct Answers -When the neurone is
not transmitting an action potential
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This then diffuses across the synapse
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Describe the function of the nucleolus - correct Answers -Produces
ribosomes and RNA

Describe the function of the cell wall - correct Answers -Provides rigidity
and protection to the cell

Describe the function of the chloroplasts - correct Answers -Site of
photosynthesis as they contain chlorophyll

Describe the function of the plasmodesmata - correct Answers -A channel
through the cell wall the allows transport of materials from one cell to
another

Describe the function of the amyoplasts - correct Answers -Stores starch
and converts starch back into glucose when the plant needs energy

Describe the function of the vacuole - correct Answers -Stores water and
chemicals for cell use
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Protects the vacuole, isolates it from harmful
substances and controls water flow in and out of the vacuole

Why are gram positive bacteria more susceptible to antibiotics? - correct
Answers -Permeable cell wall whereas gram negative bacteria has a semipermeable cell wall

Describe the adaptations found in a palisade cell - correct Answers -Closely
packed together
Chloroplasts
Large vacuole

Explain why the palisade cell has a large amount of chloroplasts - correct
Answers -To absorb lots of light for photosynthesis

What happens to the acetylcholine after the sodium channel opens? correct Answers -Broken down by acetylcholinesterase into ethanoic acid
and choline
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What does EEG stand for? - correct Answers -Electroenchephalogram



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