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BTEC APPLIED SCIENCE UNIT 3 ACTUAL
CORRECT ANSWERS
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When is random sampling used? - CorreCt Answers -When the area under
the study is large
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What can piolet study's do? - CorreCt Answers -They can help you work out
your sampling size
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Topography, for example steepness of slopes
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What is a quadrat? - CorreCt Answers -A quadrat is a small area of habitat,
which sometimes has a grid within it
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What is a point frame? - CorreCt Answers -It contains a number of pins
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Species can be recorded along the whole
length of the line, this is continuous sampling
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What is a belt transcet? - CorreCt Answers -It is similar to a line transect
but it gives information on the abundance of species
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What is the reaction for combustion of fuels? - CorreCt Answers -It is
exothermic, therefore energy is releases as heat
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This can be a hazard and
should be treated like it
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What are the Key features of a good hypothesis? - CorreCt Answers -A good
Hypothesis must:
Be able to be tested scientifically
Relate one dependent variable to on independent variable

What is a Null Hypothesis? - CorreCt Answers -States that there is no
relationship or causality, for example, no relation between the temperature
and the rate of reaction
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What does Quantitative data refer to? - CorreCt Answers -It refers to
numerical measurements made, such as the volumes and times measured
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This
is an established procedure or method used to carry out a routine activity
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What are some examples of SOPs? - CorreCt Answers -Titration, Handling
of chemicals, disposal of waste, qualitative analytical tests, preparing
solutions

What are risk assessments? - CorreCt Answers -It identifies hazards,
evaluates the risks associated with those hazards and it determines ways to
eliminate or control those risks
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What is the independent variable? - CorreCt Answers -The variables you
change during an investigation
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What is the control variable? - CorreCt Answers -The variables you keep
constant during an investigation
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When planning your method what do you need to make sure? - CorreCt
Answers -That it will procedure a range of results, reliable results, precise
results, and accurate results
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Some data can be a
mixture of numbers and names such as the number of different types of
plants found in a garden
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You need to make sure its a smooth curve of best fit, and
that the curve goes through or near most of the points
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What is the Pattern on the graph? - CorreCt Answers -The shape of the
graph
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The full trend is that the volume
increases as the time increases but then levels off after a certain amount of
time
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To be confident in your conclusions you need a large
sample size to give strong evidence
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What is secondary data? - CorreCt Answers -The data that you get in books,
scientific papers or the internet
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It does not lie close to the line of
best fit
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inaccurate measuring/recording and impurities
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This can be corrected by
calibrating the balance
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What is the random error? - CorreCt Answers -These are due to not
following the method correctly and can be minimized by repeating results
and taking averages
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What is the accuracy? - CorreCt Answers -How close is the data to the true
value? Errors due to the equipment could make the results less
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It
is usually ensured by repeating the readings to identify any anomalous
results
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It can be improved by using measuring equipment that measure
to more decimal places
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What are proteins made up of? - CorreCt Answers -amino acids

What four chemical groups are attached to the central (alpha) carbon? CorreCt Answers -A hydrogen atom
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A carboxyl group
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How many different R groups are there? - CorreCt Answers -There are 20
different R groups which means there are 20 different amino acids
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What does a condensation reaction occur between? - CorreCt Answers -Two
amino acids
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What is a dipeptide formed by? - CorreCt Answers -Two amino acids linked
by a peptide bond
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What is an active site? - CorreCt Answers -The part of an enzyme where the
biochemical reaction takes place
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What are secondary structures held in shape by? - CorreCt Answers Hydrogen bonds between the -NH of one of the peptide link and the -C=O
of another amino acid

What is tertiary structure? - CorreCt Answers -a three dimensional shape of
a secondary structure

What does the tertiary structure give? - CorreCt Answers -It gives the
enzyme the shape of its active site
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When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction where does it take place? - CorreCt
Answers -It takes places on the active site of an enzyme
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In a biochemical reaction what are substrates converted to? - CorreCt
Answers -They are converted into products
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Only
specific substrates will bind to a particular enzymes site
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What happens after the reaction? - CorreCt Answers -The product is
released and the active site is available to catalyse further reactions
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This
means the enzyme changes its shape so the active site loses its shape
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What is a catalyst? - CorreCt Answers -It is a substance that speeds up a
reaction
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What catalysts are enzymes? - CorreCt Answers -They are biological
catalysts
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What dos the energy of the collision depend on? - CorreCt Answers -It
depends on the speed of the particle and the angle they collide
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Why does the enzyme lowers the activation energy needed? - CorreCt
Answers -The more particles have the required energy to react
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And there is a faster reaction
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What is the substrate? - CorreCt Answers -The molecule that is affected by
the activation of the enzyme
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What does denatured mean? - CorreCt Answers -When the tertiary
structure of the enzyme is changed
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By measuring the
increase in the product, this makes is easier because you know the starting
measurement for the product will be 0
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What does the enzyme need, in order to work effectively? - CorreCt
Answers -Specific conditions
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What happens as the temperature increases to the optimum temperature? CorreCt Answers -The reaction rate also increases
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What happens above the optimum temperature? - CorreCt Answers -The
hydrogen bonds in the enzyme breaks and the enzyme and active site loses
its shape and therefore there is no catalysis

What do enzymes have? - CorreCt Answers -An optimum pH

What does pH affect on the active site? - CorreCt Answers -The charge
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What happens if the concentration of the substrate is too high? - CorreCt
Answers -There will be no more active sites for them to bind to
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What is diffusion? - CorreCt Answers -Diffusion is the movement of
substances from a region of high to low concentration
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As long as the molecules are small enough to pass through the
membrane then diffusion will occur

What factors affect the rate of diffusion? - CorreCt Answers -Size- The
larger molecules move more slowly then smaller ones, so the rate of
diffusion decreases
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Distance through a substance- The greater the distance that the molecules
must travel through a substance, the slower the rate of diffusion
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Shape of the surface of which the molecule is diffusing- the shape of the
surface of which the molecule is diffusing can affect the rate of diffusion
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It also explains diffusion

What is the arrangement of particles in a solid? - CorreCt Answers -They
are close together in a regular pattern
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What is the arrangement of particles in a gas? - CorreCt Answers -They are
far apart and in a random pattern
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They cant be compressed or squashed
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They cannot be compressed or
squashed
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They can be compressed
or squased
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How do humans improve the growth of crops? - CorreCt Answers -They
correct soil pH, optimum watering
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Picking wildflowers
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How can humans have an effect of the distribution of plants? - CorreCt
Answers -Sowing crops means field with only one type of plant
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What pH doe plants grow best at - CorreCt Answers -Between 4
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5

What does acidic soil mean? - CorreCt Answers -It can mean that there is a
deficiency in necessary minerals, such as iron and manganese
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What forms when there is little aeration? - CorreCt Answers -Toxins form
such as hydrogen sulfide gas
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The temperature is
important for seed germination, seeds need the soil to be within a specific
temperature range in order for them to germinate
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Why do plants need light? - CorreCt Answers -They need light for
photosynthesis
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Plants that are used to low light intensity may get
scorched in the sun
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Plants cannot take up necessary minerals
and nutrients
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How do plants take up mineral ions? - CorreCt Answers -Through their
roots

What does sulfur dioxide react with to produce acid rain? - CorreCt
Answers -They react with moisture in the air
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It acidifies lakes and rivers
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What happens if there is limited oxygen in combustion? - CorreCt Answers
-Incomplete combustion occurs which can produce carbon monoxide and
soot
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What is the word equation for soot? - CorreCt Answers -CH4 + O2 -> C =+
2H2O

What units is energy measured in? - CorreCt Answers -They can be
measured in different units, Mainly joules
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2 joules
of energy to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degree c
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What is the equation for Heat energy? - CorreCt Answers -Heat energy (J)
= Mass of water (g) X specific heat capacity of water (Jg-1C-1)

How can energy be calculated? - CorreCt Answers -Heat of combustion (kJ
mol-1)= ((heat energy to water (kJ) x relative molecuar mass of fuel)) /
Mass of fuel burnt (g)

What is a battery in a circuit? - CorreCt Answers -Made up of more than
one cell
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It is placed in series with the
component

What is a voltmeter in a cirucit? - CorreCt Answers -It measures the voltage
across a component in a circuit
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What is a variable resistor? - CorreCt Answers -It is used to change the
current in a circuit
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It is in series in the circuit

What is power? - CorreCt Answers -Power is the rate of doing work? It is
the amount of energy consumed per unit of time
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What does the work done equal - CorreCt Answers -Work done = The
amount of energy supplied or transformed
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p=VI

What is the equation for physical power? - CorreCt Answers -Power = work
done/ time (P=W/t)

What is a fuse? - CorreCt Answers -A fuse is a component of a circuit that
will 'blow' if there is a fault in the circuit



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