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CARDIAC EXAM QUESTION AND
ANSWERS
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- CorreCt Answers -False

Thin serous membrane of the outer surface of the heart - CorreCt Answers Epicardium

Thick middle layer of the heart - CorreCt Answers -Myocardium

Covers surfaces of the heart valves - CorreCt Answers -Endocardium

Composed of cardiac muscle cells - CorreCt Answers -Myocardium

The inner surface of the heart - CorreCt Answers -Endocardium

Also known as the visceral layer of serosal pericardium - CorreCt Answers Epicardium

Given that cardiac output equals ____________, there are only two ways
to change it: change the heart rate or change the stroke volume - CorreCt
Answers -HR x SV

During the depolarization phase of cardiac muscle - CorreCt Answers voltage-gated sodium channels open
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- CorreCt Answers False

What structures make up the general structure of cardiac muscle cells?
Check all that apply
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- CorreCt
Answers -False (-60 mV)

(T/F) If the left ventricle fails to keep up with the right, pulmonary edema
will likely result
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CorreCt Answers -False

Select all that influence autonomic reflex activity from the cardiac center
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This is an example
of - CorreCt Answers -Preload

The inner layer of the serosal pericardium is a thin, transparent layer of
simple squamous epithelium called the __________ pericardium
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- CorreCt Answers -(X)
Prevent the heart from bouncing in the thoracic cavity
(X) Prevent the heart from overfilling with blood
( ) Aid the heart in the strength of contractions
(X) Create a near-frictionless environment through the production of
serous fluid

In cardiac muscle, after the plateau phase and at the beginning of
replolarization, - CorreCt Answers -voltage-gated potassium channels open

Cardiac output (CO) is equivalent to heart rate (HR) multiplied by stroke
volume (SV)
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- CorreCt Answers -True

SA nodal cells are unique in that they exhibit autorhythmicity, meaning
they are capable of depolarizing and firing an action potential
spontaneously without any external influence
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- CorreCt Answers -sinoatrial (SA)
node

What is the correct order of spread of the action potential through the
heart's conduction system? - CorreCt Answers -SA node, AV node, AV
bundle, Purkinje fibers/cell gap junctions

Check all that are characteristics of cardiac muscle
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(X) Cells are short and branching
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(X) Cells have one or two nuclei in the center of the cell
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(X) The functional contractile unit is the sarcomere
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- CorreCt Answers -(X) Purkinje fibers
(X) Atrioventricular bundle
(X) Atrioventricular (AV) node
(X) Sinoatrial (SA) node

Check all of the ways in which the heart chambers are involved in
pulmonary circulation
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( ) Oxygenated blood enters the right atrium
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( ) Deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation enters the left atrium
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( ) Once in the heart, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the left atrium to
the left ventricle
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(X) All four heart chambers are at rest
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(X) Passive filling of the ventricles is under way
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- CorreCt Answers -False
What are the individual ion contributions to the resting membrane
potential (RMP) of the SA node nodal cells? - CorreCt Answers -(X) Greater
concentration of Na+ outside the cell
( ) No Na+/K+ pump
(X) Greater concentration of K+ inside the cell
(X) Calcium (Ca2+) gradient with more calcium outside the cell

Check all that occur during ventricular systole
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( ) The semilunar valves remain closed throughout systole to prevent
backflow of blood into the ventricles
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(X) The AV valves close to prevent backflow of blood into the atria
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- CorreCt Answers False

Cell-to-cell junctions, called intercalated discs, contain distinct structural
features called gap junctions and - CorreCt Answers -Desmosomes

Tricuspid valve - CorreCt Answers -Between right atrium and right
ventricle

Pulmonary semilunar valve - CorreCt Answers -Between right ventricle and
pulmonary trunk

Bicuspid - CorreCt Answers -Between left atrium and left ventricle

Aortic semilunar Valve - CorreCt Answers -Between left ventricle and
ascending aorta

Serous fluid secreted by both the parietal and visceral layers of the
pericardium, and released into the pericardial cavity, lubricates the
membranes and facilitates the almost frictionless movement of the heart
when it beats

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