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TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER STUDIES
OUTCOMES: - PSBAT:
 Describe the main parts of a computer
 State the three basic operations in a computer system
...

 Components of a computer system
DEFINITION OF A COMPUTER
A computer is an electronic machine which process, stores and retrieves information in
a desired manner or format
...
e
...
Thus
educationally a computer:

=hardware + software

TERMINOLOGIES
 HARDWARE: Any part of the computer that can be touched or handled e
...

keyboard, mouse, monitor etc
...
g
...
) and application
software (Microsoft office package)
...

 DATA: Refers to unprocessed information
 INFORMATION: Refers to data processed and analyzed
 COMMUNICATION: Refers to sending and receiving information
...

USES OF A COMPUTER
 Calculations
 Storage of data
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 Sorting information
 Create text
 Create spreadsheets
 Create drawings
 Create charts
 Sending and receiving messages from the electronic mail
...

 Speed _ computers are very fast, they can process data at the fast rate
...
They can also retrieve and search
what has been stored
...

DISADVANTAGES OF A COMPUTER
 Strain injuries such as eye sight problems and headaches
 Since it is a programmable machine, it can’t understand anything out of
programming
 It loses information when there is no backup kept
...

 It is expensive to maintain
 It is vulnerable to viruses
 It is expensive to purchase
ACTIVITY 1
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1
...
Mention two elements of a computer
3
...
List any five uses of a computer
...
Why is a computer important to

our everyday living?

6
...
Microcomputers
2
...
Minicomputers
4
...
Supercomputers
NOTE: Their largeness in physical sizes ranks according to the order they are outlined
above
...

1
...
They run programs designed to help individuals
accomplish their work more productively
...

These include:
 They are small in size, and therefore do not occupy large space
...
g
...

 They are not as costly as the other computers
...

 They can operate in ordinary environments, i
...
they do not necessarily require
highly controlled environments
...
SERVERS
Servers are not designed to be used directly
...
As illustration below
...
MINICOMPUTERS
Minicomputers are multi-user systems that can handle the computing needs of a smaller
corporation or organization
...
Minicomputers were the second type of computers to
be introduced
...
MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
Mainframes are huge, multi-user systems designed to handle massive processing jobs in
large corporations or government ministries or departments
...
The first mainframe computers were very large; about the
size of a classroom
...
SUPERCOMPUTERS
Supercomputers are ultra-fast computers designed to process huge amounts of

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scientific data then display the underlying patterns that have been discovered
...


PARTS OF A COMPUTER

MONITOR

MOUSE

CPU

KEYBOARD

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CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

KEY BOARD

 MONITOR: It displays information
 KEYBOARD: Device used to enter data and commands
 MOUSE: A pointing device used to input commands only
...


THE PROCESSOR
• This is the most important part of computer
hardware
...

• The most fundamental parts of the processor
are as follows:
 Control Unit – CU
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit – ALU
 Random Access Memory – RAM
 Read Only Memory - ROM

THE PROCESSOR

...
g
...

–Controlling flow of data within the
processor and between the
processor and the peripheral
devices
...


THE ALU
• This is the unit that does the actual processing
of data
...

• Arithmetic means addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division
...

• The CU and the ALU are made on the same
computer chip called the Central Processing
Unit (CPU) or the microprocessor
...

When power is switched off, everything is
erased from RAM
...

– Receiving processed data from the ALU
...

– Holding data awaiting output
...


A COMPUTER SYSTEM
The basic elements that make up a computer system are as follows:
a
...
input is
primarily performed by typing data using a keyboard or pointing using a mouse

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b
...

Data and instruction enter main storage and are held until need to be worked on
...

c
...

Instructions are obeyed and the necessary arithmetic operations, etc
...

d
...
Results are
taken from main storage and fed to an output device
...


Logical Structure
INPUT

PROCESSING

OUTPUT

STORAGE

A
...
These are also used for
entering commands (commands are instructions that users give to the computer
to initiate them into actions)
...


Examples of input devices

Keyboard

Game
controller

Mouse

Scanner

Track ball

Camera

Joystick

Microphone

B
...
There are
three types of storage devices and these are:
i
...
Data is stored by forming a
magnetic pattern similar to the way music is recorded on audio tapes
...


Optical storage devices
These do not use magnetic properties to store data
...
g
...


iii
...
g
...


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Examples of Storage Devices

Hard Disk

Floppy Disk

CD-ROM

Zip Disk

Flash Disk

C
...
Results are
taken from the main storage and converted either in soft copy or hard copy
...
Hardcopy can be inform of printed material

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OPERATING SYSTEM
• This is the most important type of software in a
computer
...

• It is the one that tells the hardware what to do
and how to do it
...

• It acts as an interface, i
...
as a link, between
applications software and the hardware
...


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COMPUTER SOFTWARE
• Computer hardware requires software to
tell it what to do and how to do it
...

• Every software has a specific purpose in
the computer
...


EXAMPLES OF OPERATING
SYSTEMS
• Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT, Me, 2000,
2007, XP, Server 2003 and Vista
...
e
...

• A program consists of several instructions , or
steps
...

• A program is executed one instruction at a time
this program is loaded in RAM
...


APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE
• This is software in a computer which users
employ to do their work
...

• Applications software interacts with users
directly – it is the one which knows how to
manipulate data the way the user wants it to be
...


ICT SECURITY
These refer to the defense necessary to wade off threats imposed on ICT resources
Basically, security is ensuring that resources are free from unauthorized internal and
external manipulation
TYPES OF SECURITY
There are two types of security:
1
...

2
...


TYPES OF THREATS

MEASURES TO IMPROVE ON
SECURITY

Some of the threats are as follows:
–
–

–
–
–
–
–

Unauthorised access of individuals to data storage
...

Unauthorised manipulation of data files or
equipment
...

Fire/water
...
g
...

Viruses and other malicious code
...

• Locking computers so that only personnel
with computer keys can unlock and use
them
...


MEASURES TO IMPROVE ON
SECURITY

COMPUTER VIRUSES

• Backing up all data and programs so that
should the data and programs that are
used become corrupt, backups can
quickly be used
...

• Installing antivirus software and keeping
it updated
...

• Virus is a general term, but viruses are in
categories
...

• Some of the common ones are as follows:
– Transfer of removable storage media, e
...

floppies, CDs and flash disks, from one computer
to another
...

– Through downloads, e
...
of music, pictures,
videos, documents and software on the Internet
...

• Always update the antivirus software from
the Internet
...


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BASIC OPERATIONS OF THE COMPUTER
OUTCOMES: - PSBAT:
 Know correct posture to avoid injuries
...

 Interact with icons and menus in a Graphic User Interface (GUI)
environment
...
) using pictures or symbols (icons) rather than having to type in a number
of commands
...
One of the
most common is windows icons menu and pointing device (WIMP) which was
developed for use on personal computers (PCs)
...

SAFETY AND HEALTH
1
...
e
...
Securing power cables and avoiding liquids and dust near computers
...
Sequence of powering up and down of various technologies(i
...
TVs, cell phone,
printer, scanner
4
...
Do not allow drinks near computers
6
...
Cover wires and/or have them neatly tucked away (under desks, etc
...
Ensure good ventilation in the room, again to stop overheating of hardware
9
...
Don’t cover equipment vents, which can cause equipment to overheat
11
...
Use cable ducts to make the wires safe
13
...

Health risk
Back and neck
problems/strain

Repetitive strain injury
(RSI) – damage to
fingers and wrists

Eyestrain (caused by
staring at a computer
screen too long or bad
lighting in the room)

Headaches

Solution
1
...
use foot rests to reduce posture
problems
3
...
ensure correct posture is maintained
(i
...
correct angle of arms to the
keyboard and mouse, for example)
2
...
take regular breaks and do some
exercise
1
...
change to LCD screens where flicker
is less of a problem than with CRT
screens
3
...
use an anti-glare screen or use
window blinds to cut
2
...
) – this is
caused by laser printers
in an office area

headaches, etc
...
take regular breaks and do some
exercise
4
...
ensure proper ventilation to remove
the ozone gas as quickly as possible
2
...
change to other types of printer if
necessary (e
...
inkjet printers)

The diagram below shows the correct posture to work efficiently at a computer
...

Safety hazards
Electrocution

Trailing wires (trip hazard)

Heavy equipment falling

Fire risk

Ways of eliminating or minimising hazard
1
...
check insulation on wires regularly
3
...
check equipment regularly
1
...
cover wires and/or have them neatly tucked
away
(Under desks, etc
...
try and use wireless connections wherever
possible, thus eliminating cables altogether
1
...
use large desks and tables so that hardware
isn’t too close to the edge where it can fall off
1
...
don’t cover equipment vents, which can cause
equipment to overheat
3
...
ensure good ventilation in the room, again to
stop
overheating of hardware
5
...
change to low voltage hardware wherever
possible (e
...
replace CRT monitors with LCD
monitors)

TURNING ON AND OFF THE COMPUTER
When you're done using your computer, it's important to turn it off properly—not only to save
energy, but also to ensure that your data is saved and to help keep your computer more
secure
...

To wake your computer or switch on, press the power button on your computer case the button
usually is denoted with the symbol shown in the figures below
...
When nothing comes on the screen sometimes it is because the monitor is
off
...
The victim of the theft can lose data, information and the property itself
...

2
...

3
...


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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
OUTCOMES: - PSBAT:
 Identify and demonstrate the use of household appliances and devices that
are controlled by embedded microprocessors
 State common uses of office equipment
 Describe knowledge of using computers in Industry Identify the role
computers play in aiding learning
 Identify social and economic effects of computers
Computers are used widely in producing ICT resources
NOTE: the all devices or appliances that have microprocessor embedded in them are
said to be automatic machines (electronic machines)
...

EXAMPLES OF APPLIANCES/DEVICES IN HOUSEHOLDS EMBEDDED WITH
MICROPROCESSOR
...
Washing machine
...
MicroWave Ovens;

USES;
 Roasting food
...
Stove
...

 For warming
...

2
...

ENTERTAINMENT
...

Recreation devices
...
CAMERAS;

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USES;
 To capture pictures and input them into a computer in production of something
...


OTHER ENTERTAINMENT APPLIANCES
1
...
Scanner

Uses: a scanner is used to enter already printed information in to a computer
It also enters picture into the computer
...
Computers

USES: Complex Calculations are easily done, Storage of data, Sorting
information, Creating text, Creating spreadsheets and, Sending and receiving
messages from the electronic mail
3
...

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4
...

Uses: produce information/data in form of hard
copy with the aid of a computer
5
...

INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS
The aim of Computers in Industry is to manufacturing original items/goods, highquality, application research papers that:
 Show new trends in and options for the use of Information and Communication
Technology in industry E
...

 Link or integrate different technology fields in the broad area of
Computer applications for industry
COMMERCIAL USES

ECONOMIC: refers to the effectiveness/proper utilization of resources
The effects of computers economically include:
 Computers provide large storage for data and information
...

 Fast and accurate processing of data
...

 Reduction in the cost of storage facilities
...

 Routine and repetitive tasks can easily be performed
...
E
...
POSITIVES
...

SOCIAL USES SOCIAL: this term refers to the way people relate each other in the
community
The effects of computers socially is that it has changed the way people communicate
with one another and the way people perform work
...

 Contribute to moral decay
...

 Cases of plagiarism (i
...
intellectual theft) and piracy become on the increase
...
G mixture of
tones and video clips
 For social networking E
...

COMPUTER BASED LEARNING
Computer-based learning is a term that can be used to describe virtually any kind of
learning program using computers as a central staple
...

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There are various merits of using computer-based learning programs in education,
these including:
 the ability for pupils to learn from their homes and study without the assistance
of an instructor(teacher)
 Allowing pupils to research for their study materials, e
...
use of electronic
encyclopedias and the Internet
...
g
...

 The saying “practice makes perfect” becomes a reality with use of ICT because
learners are able to practice a skill, or listen or watch a presentation many times
at their own pace, place and time
...


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TOPIC: WORD PROCESSING
GRADE 8
OUTCOMES: - PSBAT:
 Demonstrate how to operate windows
 Demonstrate how to start and quit a program
 Text input, type over, insert words and symbols delete and reformat
 Copy ,delete and move block of text within a document
 Print preview and print a document
...

WORD DEFINATIONS
What is word processing?
Word processing is the creation, retrieval, changing, storage and printing text (letters,
numbers and symbols) using a computer
...
Therefore, Microsoft Word is one of the
programme packages run on a computer and it can be used to type letters, reports, and
other documents
...




Format a document for different presentations
...




Prepare flyers, brochures, long documents
...


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1
...
How to Start Microsoft Word

The other method is creating a new word document from the already opened word
document;


Click the Microsoft Office Button



Press CTRL+N (Depress the CTRL key while pressing the “N”) on the keyboard

and Click New or

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You will notice that when you click on the Microsoft Office Button and Click New, you
have many choices about the types of documents you can create
...
If you wish to start from a template you can
browse through your choices on the left, see the choices on centre screen, and preview
the selection on the right screen
...
Opening an Existing Document


Click the Microsoft Office Button



Press CTRL+O (Depress the CTRL key while pressing the “O”) on the

and Click Open, or

keyboard, or


If you have recently used the document you can click the Microsoft
Office Button and click the name of the document in the Recent
Documents section of the window Insert picture of recent docs

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

Saving a Document



Click the Microsoft Office Button

and Click Save or Save As

(remember, if you’re sending the document to someone who does not
have Office 2007, you will need to click the Office Button, click Save
As, and Click Word 97-2003 Document), or


Press CTRL+S (Depress the CTRL key while pressing the “S”) on the
keyboard, or



Click the File icon on the Quick Access Toolbar

4
...


from the shortcut menu
...


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5
...
All open documents will be listed in the View Tab of the Ribbon
when you click on Switch Windows
...
Select another open document to view it
...



Print Layout: This is a view of the document as it would appear when
printed
...




Full Screen Reading: This is a full view length view of a document
...

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

Web Layout: This is a view of the document as it would appear in a web
browser
...




Draft: This view does not display pictures or layouts, just text
...


Once the word document is opened, the layout below is seen and the
explanation to each panel is given
...
Menus
When you begin to explore Word 2007 you will notice a new look to the menu
bar
...
These three features contain many of the functions that were in the
menu of previous versions of Word
...

The Microsoft Office Button

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The Microsoft Office Button
The Microsoft Office button performs many of the functions of Word
...

7
...
It has seven tabs:
Home, Insert, Page Layout, References, Mailings, Review, and View that
contain many new and existing features of Word
...
The groups are logical collections of features designed to perform
functions that you will utilize in developing or editing your Word document
...

Each of the tabs contains the following tools:
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Home:

Clipboard,

Fonts,

Paragraph,

Styles,

and

Editing
...
Quick Access Toolbar

Quick Access Toolbar
The quick access toolbar is a customizable toolbar that contains commands
that you may want to use
...
To change the location of the quick access toolbar, click on
the arrow at the end of the toolbar and click on Show Below the Ribbon
...
Right click on any item in
the Office Button or the Ribbon and click on Add to Quick Access Toolbar and
a shortcut will be added to the Quick Access Toolbar
...
Customize the Word Environment
Word 2007 offers a wide range of customizable options that allow you to make
Word work the best for you
...
Popular
these features allow you to personalize your work environment with language,
color schemes, user name and allow you to access the Live Preview feature
...


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Word Options
11
...
You can opt to show or hide certain page elements
...
Proofing
this feature allows you personalize how word corrects and formats your text
...


Proofing Options
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Save
This feature allows you personalize how your document is saved
...


Saving Options
Advanced
This feature allows you to specify options for editing, copying, pasting,
displaying, printing and saving
...
If there
are tools that you are utilizing frequently, you may want to add these to the
Quick Access Toolbar
...
e
...
in the desktop window click on the start button
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2
...
click on Microsoft Office on the down list
4
...
)
 Standard Toolbar: contains buttons for the most commonly used tasks
 Format Toolbar: contains buttons (icons) for making your workbook attractive
 Formula bar: is there to insert formulas and data that you punch in
 Column heading: (A, B, C): These are vertical sections of the excel worksheet
 Row heading (1,2,3) These are horizontal sections of the excel worksheet
 Worksheet area is the working area consisting boxes called CELLS
 Status bar: located at the bottom of the screen performs the same function as
the title bar
 Horizontal and Vertical scroll bar are used to move the page up and down and
side to side respectively
THE FOLLOWING TERMS ARE WORTHY NOTING IN EXCEL
WORKBOOK
A workbook is a collection of worksheets, charts, and related information
...

WORKS SHEET
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A worksheet is a file which is divided into cells: each cell is an intersection area of a row
and a column
...
CELL: a single box where data is entered
2
...

3
...

4
...
CELL ADDRESS: shows the name of the active cell e
...


a1
...
G12

6
...

7
...

8
...

To exit excel follow these steps:
1
...


2
...

BUILDING A WORK BOOK
You start a work book by first creating it as if you are creating the file you then add
work sheet to the work book
...

1
...
Choose NEW
3
...

4
...

When you open a worksheet you are taken to sheet one, however, you can go to any
sheet you want by simply clicking on that particular sheet
...
You can increase the number of sheets by clicking on the INSERT MENU
2
...
The number of work sheet is increased
4
...
Steps to follow when naming a
work sheet:
1
...

2
...
E
...
customers, suppliers,
expenses are
...
These include:
1
...
Numbers
3
...
Time
5
...

Any combination of letters and numbers can be entered
...

To enter text in the cell
1
...
Type the text
3
...

To enter a number
...
Select the cell
...
Type the number
3
...
Start with the minus or surrounding it with
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parentheses
4
...

ENTERING DATES AND TIMES
To enter date or time the following steps should be observed;
1
...
Type the date or time
3
...
You can use caches (-)
or slashes (/) when typing dates
...
Click on the view menu
2
...
Click on customize
4
...
Click on formatting to remove a tick
6
...
using auto fill by dragging
Enter the first two values in a series
1
...


drag the series to adjacent cells by dragging the fill handle located at the lower

right corner of the sentence
3
...


type January in one cell

2
...


select the two cells
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4
...
To edit the
contents simply double click on it
...
You can also use the
UNDO command from edit menu to cancel the last changes you made
...

The clipboard is an area of memory that is accessible to all windows programs
...

When you copy a cell by dragging or by clicking cut or copy, and paste
...

If the selected copy area includes hidden cells, Microsoft Excel also copies the hidden
cells
...

You can make copies of data to use in other section of the worksheet
...

1
...
Click on copy icon or pull down the edit menu and click copy
3
...
Pull down the edit menu and click on paste smart or paste
5
...
Select the cell you want to move or copy
...
Point to the border of the selection
3
...

Microsoft Excel replaces any existing data in the paste area
...
To copy the cells, hold down CTRL as you drag
...
To insert the cells between existing cells, hold down shift (if moving) or SHIFT +
CTRL (if copying) as you drag
...
To insert the selection to a different sheet, hold down ALT and drag over a sheet
tab
...
Tip to move or copy the cells to a different workbook or a long distance, select the
cells and click cut to move the cells or copy the cells, switch to the other sheet or
workbook, select the upper left cell of the paste area and then click paste
...

1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

5
...

Note:
Do not press ENTER after you click OK
...
To cancel the moving border press ESC
...

Switch rows of cells to column or column s to rows

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Data from the top of the area appears in the left column of the paste area and data
from the left column appear in the row
...
Select the cells that you want to switch
...
Click copy
...
Select the upper left cell of the paste area
...
The paste area must be outside the copy area
5
...
Click paste special
...
Select the transpose check box
...
select the row(s)to delete
2
...

3
...
The select column(s) are deleted
...
Select the column to delete
...
Pull down the edit menu
...
choose delete
4
...

CHANGE THE FONT OR FONT SIZE
1
...

2
...

3
...


CHANGE THE TEXT COLOR
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1
...

2
...

3
...

Make selected text on numbers bold italic or underlined
1
...

2
...
Select data you want to add borders to
...
To apply the most recently selected border style
...

3
...
Click the arrow next to Borders
...
Then cells on the format menu
and then click the Borders choose the style you want then click on the button to
indicate the border placement
...
The borders are applied to the edges of the cells, which are
rotated to the same degree as the rotated text
BORDERS STYLES
To change the line style of an existing border, select the cells that appear on it
...

Ministry of Education, Science, Vocation Training and Early Education Computer Studies Notes
Compilation of NORTHERN PROVINCE

53

SHADE CELL WITH SOLID COLORS
1
...

2
...

3
...

REMOVE BORDERS
1
...

2
...


Ministry of Education, Science, Vocation Training and Early Education Computer Studies Notes
Compilation of NORTHERN PROVINCE

54

TOPIC: POWER POINT
OUTCOMES: - PSBAT:
1
...
Understand PowerPoint Principles
3
...
Use an Installed Template
5
...
Understand the Ribbon and Quick Access
7
...

EXAMPLES:
1
...
Keynote-for MAC
3
...
Articulation presenter- for MS
PowerPoint
Def: PowerPoint is an application software found in the Microsoft Office package for
presentation
...


Ministry of Education, Science, Vocation Training and Early Education Computer Studies Notes
Compilation of NORTHERN PROVINCE

55

 PowerPoint presentations can amplify your message, speed up the information
being absorbed and assist with comprehension enabling faster decision making
...


5 Principles for Effective PowerPoint Presentations
No matter what kind of presentation software you use, keep these five principles in
mind as you prepare your slides
...
Brief is better
...
Each slide should perform a particular function,
such as any of the following:


Reminding you what you want to talk about



Getting the audience to focus on one point



Presenting a key concept

2
...



Delete all articles (a, an, the)
...
You don’t need them and neither
does your audience
...
Don’t try to jam three key points into one bullet
...




Don’t be afraid to use more slides
...
What’s important is
choosing which slides to spend your time on
...


3
...

Don’t do things that make your audience focus more on the presentation software than
on what you’re saying
...
Oooh, aren’t they pretty? NO!
They’re distracting, is what they are
...
” This is the mark of true amateurs
who don’t have a clue what they’re doing
...




Don’t use a red font over a blue background
...
Use simple, clear, and consistently applied fonts, slide transitions, and
animations
...
Avoid smaller fonts, such as Garamond,
Georgia, and Book Antiqua
...




Make sure your font color has enough contrast to make it stand out against
the background
...
The idea is to get the audience
to focus on what you’re saying, not on how cool the animations are
...


5
...



Keep graphs simple, each one offering one key point
...
Put them in a handout,
making them large enough to read easily
...
So what looks vibrant on your
monitor won’t appear quite that vibrant on the screen
...


Ministry of Education, Science, Vocation Training and Early Education Computer Studies Notes
Compilation of NORTHERN PROVINCE

57



Use cartoons sparingly, and when you use them, don’t be afraid to let them
take up the entire screen
...
Click start
2
...
Click Microsoft office
4
...


Figure1
...
1: Normal view in office 2007
 SLIDE: is an individual page of one’s presentation
...
This is the area you will work in to
create your slides
...
This is where you type your text
...

 On the left of the screen are thumbnail versions of the slides in your
presentation; the slide you're working will be highlighted
...

USING INSTALLED TEMPLATES:
Def
...

TO CREATE A PRESENTATION USING THE INSTALLED TEMPLATE:
1
...
Choose and click ok
...

SLIDE VIEWS:
One can apply different slide layouts in the home Menu as well as Background in Design
Menu
...
In order to
add more slides you need to
create them, to do this you have
a few options
...
Clicking on the top
portion of the New Slide
command, on the Home
tab is the easiest method
because a new slide will
be added immediately
...

2
...

3
...

ADDING A DESIGN THEME
A theme includes a background design, color scheme, font types, font sizes, and
placeholder positions in one package
...

However you can change the theme to
a wide variety of options
...

1
...

2
...

Ministry of Education, Science, Vocation Training and Early Education Computer Studies Notes
Compilation of NORTHERN PROVINCE

60

3
...
To apply the theme to your slides, click on the thumbnail
design you like
...


TOPIC: PRODUCTIVITY TOOL (PUBLISHING)
OUTCOMES: - PSBAT:
PRESENTATION SOFTWARE:
Def
...

EXAMPLES:
5
...
Keynote-for MAC
7
...
Articulation presenter- for MS
PowerPoint
Def: PowerPoint is an application software found in the Microsoft Office package for
presentation
...

 PowerPoint presentations can amplify your message, speed up the information
being absorbed and assist with comprehension enabling faster decision making
...

PRINCIPLES FOR EFFECTIVE POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS
No matter what kind of presentation software you use, keep these five principles in
mind as you prepare your slides
...
Brief is better
...
Each slide should perform a particular function,
such as any of the following:


Reminding you what you want to talk about



Getting the audience to focus on one point



Presenting a key concept

2
...



Delete all articles (a, an, the)
...
You don’t need them and neither does
your audience
...
Don’t try to jam three key points into one bullet
...




Don’t be afraid to use more slides
...
What’s important is
choosing which slides to spend your time on
...


3
...

Don’t do things that make your audience focus more on the presentation software than
on what you’re saying
...
Oooh, aren’t they pretty? NO!
They’re distracting, is what they are
...
” This is the mark of true amateurs
who don’t have a clue what they’re doing
...

Ministry of Education, Science, Vocation Training and Early Education Computer Studies Notes
Compilation of NORTHERN PROVINCE

62



Don’t use a red font over a blue background
...
Use simple, clear, and consistently applied fonts, slide transitions, and
animations
...
Avoid smaller fonts, such as Garamond, Georgia,
and Book Antiqua
...




Make sure your font color has enough contrast to make it stand out against the
background
...
The idea is to get the audience to
focus on what you’re saying, not on how cool the animations are
...


5
...



Keep graphs simple, each one offering one key point
...
Put them in a handout, making
them large enough to read easily
...
So what looks vibrant on your monitor
won’t appear quite that vibrant on the screen
...




Use cartoons sparingly, and when you use them, don’t be afraid to let them take
up the entire screen
...
Click start
2
...
Click Microsoft office
4
...


Figure1
...
1: Normal view in office 2007
 SLIDE: is an individual page of one’s presentation
...
This is the area you will work in to
create your slides
...
This is where you type your text
...

 On the left of the screen are thumbnail versions of the slides in your
presentation; the slide you're working will be highlighted
...

USING INSTALLED TEMPLATES:
Def: A template is a pattern that gives one’s presentation a graphical consistency from
the first slide to the last slide
...
Go to File Menu- New-Design Templates
2
...

HELP OPTION: look for a “?” symbol, select and type any help you want
...


ADDING ADDITIONAL SLIDES
When you open a new PowerPoint document you will only see one slide
...

1
...
PowerPoint will automatically insert a Title and Content
slide when using this method of adding slides
...
If you click the bottom part of the New Slide command, a box will appear and
you will see a gallery of layouts for you to choose from which will be inserted
after your previous slide once you click on your preferred slide option
...
to delete a slide, right click on a slide to view the options and select “delete
slide”
...
Every new presentation starts out with the
default theme, called Office theme,
which is a white background and
black text
...

To find and apply a theme, click the
Design tab on the Ribbon
...
The Themes group provides
thumbnails of different design
options
...
To see additional themes, click the More arrow button on the right of the group
...
When you point and hover on any theme thumbnail, a preview of the theme will
appear on the slide
...


SAVING SLIDES
The saving procedure is just the
as other productivity tools
...
It is also called data network
...


NOTE: A network is simply a collection of computers or other hardware devices that are
connected together, either physically or logically, using special hardware and software,
to allow them to exchange information and cooperate
...

Reasons for networking computers?
 To share data
–

For example, a centralized database can be used to store all the records
of an organization
...


Ministry of Education, Science, Vocation Training and Early Education Computer Studies Notes
Compilation of NORTHERN PROVINCE

68

 To share tasks
–

Co-workers can collaborate on tasks to speed up processing
...
C
–

Capacity gets resolved to a great extent
...


WIRELESS AND WIRED NETWORK
...

In simple terms it is the connection between two or more devices without cables
...
The transmission of data (your files, music,
printing to the printer, etc
...
The following are the examples of
wireless network devices:
i
...

iii
...

Wired Network
...
Examples
of wired network devices are:
i
...

iii
...


How can computers be linked?
 There are many ways in which computers can be networked
...

 On the basis of distance, there are three basic computer networks:
Ministry of Education, Science, Vocation Training and Early Education Computer Studies Notes
Compilation of NORTHERN PROVINCE

69

1
...
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
3
...

THE LAN
A LAN is an interconnection of computers within the same place/building
...

INTERNET
What is an internet?
Is a global communication accessed through the Web
BROWSING THE INTERNET
Definition:
Browsing the Internet means searching the internet for whatever you want
...
You simply start the Internet browser software, e
...
Internet
Explorer, Opera, Google Chrome, Bing or Mozilla Firefox
...

Internet is a global

UPLOADING AND DOWN LOADING
...
E
...
sending mail,
posting photos, etc
...

This means that your computer is receiving data from the internet
...
g
...


WEB BROWSER
A web browser takes one to Internet but asks one to give it the address of what he/she
wants
...

These links are called hyperlinks
...


Internet Explorer
...


Opera
...


Google Chrome
...


Bing
...


Mozilla Firefox
...

Search engine contains software used by the Web browser to open peoples’ computers
and take information from there
...

The use of Search Engines is to for information on the internet from the Website
...
Similar to a letter which is sent via the internet
...


Ministry of Education, Science, Vocation Training and Early Education Computer Studies Notes
Compilation of NORTHERN PROVINCE

71

Multimedia
Multimedia is the combination of different media elements like text, audio, graphics,
video and animations
...

Components of a multimedia;
 Text
 Video
 Audio
 Graphics
 animation

Ministry of Education, Science, Vocation Training and Early Education Computer Studies Notes
Compilation of NORTHERN PROVINCE

72

Multimedia files
Multimedia file; a file capable of holding two or more multimedia elements eg text,
images, audio, animation, graphics etc
...
Graphics
Graphics are visual images or designs on some surfaces such as a wall, screen, paper or
stone to inform, illustrate, or entertain
...
Video file
A video file is a file containing a sequence of images processed electronically into an
analogue or digital format and displayed on the screen with sufficient rapidity as to
create the illusion of motion and continuity
...
Audio file
Audio file are sound files (file that play a sound when clicked on)

Example of an audio file image

Ministry of Education, Science, Vocation Training and Early Education Computer Studies Notes
Compilation of NORTHERN PROVINCE

74

4
...

Example of animation file image

5
...
A text file exists within a computer file system

---