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Industrial Safety and Occupational Health
“The management of all operations and procedures in an industry in order to protect its
employees and assets by minimizing hazards, risks, accidents, and near misses” is called the
Industrial Safety”
Meaning of Industrial Safety: It is a set of safety protocols, policies, and regulations to protect
the workers, workplace, work equipment and environment from hazards
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Objectives of Safety Management
1) Establish safety committee:
Every factory must appoint a safety committee compulsorily
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They need to plan and
conduct various safety programs at regular intervals
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They need to inspect safety processes installed
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He must plan meetings
with supervisory staff regularly
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The team
must monitor & maintain safety conditions, functionality of devices, action plan to deal with
accidental cases
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Training must focus on safety policy, machine handling, mandatory rules,
common risks, demonstrations, self-operation of safety gadgets
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This will raise morale and productivity of worker
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Safety rules & precautions are printed on boards/banners and displayed
at all prime locations, near machines
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If not, organization shall be liable to fines,
permits shall be denied and legal action be initiated
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The experts must
frame safety policy, install required gadgets and repairs- upgrade from time to time
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The team must conduct safety audit, review status
and solve urgent issues to avoid any loss to assets and workers
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by giving award for outstanding performance
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7) Develop safe working habits:
All employees must strictly use mandatory safety equipment such as shoes, gloves, masks, helmet,
uniform etc
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Due to complex procedures, step by step operations with
precautions must be followed
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8) Adoption to safety engineering:
The complex process or machine if found risky, must pass through safety engineering by experts
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Difficult processes are made to simple and easy to
operate
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Industrial Accident
Definition: “an occurrence in an industrial establishment causing bodily injury to a person which
makes him unfit to resume his duties in the next 48 hours”
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Workers are exposed to various risks, hazards at workplace viz, chemical explosions, gas
leakages, fire, heat, machine malfunctioning, electric shocks, strikes, riots etc
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Causes of accidents
A) Mechanical Causes:
1) Faulty Machines:
Substandard m a c h i n e s or manufacturing defect in a machine itself can cause accident
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Machines
have to be timely serviced
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3) Lack of proper lighting and ventilation:
Poor lighting from all sides, lack of visibility at machines to see switches-handles etc can lead to
wrong operations and cause accidents
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4) Wet floor or oil spilling:
Use of water, spilling of oil-lubricants in production process keeps the floor wet, hence the
employees moving around may slip and fall on floor or on sharp objects causing serious injuries
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5) Poor repairs and maintenance:
If maintenance department do not service the machines at regular intervals, do not replace
parts in time it may lead wear and tear and thus cause accidents
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6) No regular inspection of machines:
If Safety and maintenance officer do not carry regular inspection of all critical machines to sense
any risks and take timely precautions, it can cause accidents
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Some employees do not take interest in selflearning through online videos, catalogues, observations etc
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If
they are selected on influence, they will lack dedication and focus causing accidents
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Such wrong habits develop
negativity, ego clashes and there by disobedience in work and cause accident
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5) Unwillingness to use safety equipment:

Sometimes employees themselves fear or refuse to use safety gadgets such as helmets, masks,
goggles, shoes, full uniform etc not realizing that accidents are uncertain and can occur any time in
any form
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If there are no proper tea breaks,
lunch break, washroom break, relax mind-legs etc the tired body will make mistakes and
accidents
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Effects of Industrial Accidents
A) Effects on Employer:
1) Heavy Expenditure on the medical treatment of injured worker:
Entire cost of treatment & medicines is required be borne by the company till complete recovery,
as it is on duty accident
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In case of death,
it pays compensation to the deceased worker’s family
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Company has to bear the expenses to repair
and replace the damaged parts of the machines
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Technological
expert’sIndian/foreign charge high fees for every visit
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4) Additional costs need to be incurred to select and train new workers in replacement of
injured/dead worker
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B) Effects on Workers:
1) Frequent accidents create stress among the workers:
Every worker fears for risk/injury to their life, for pain and for family
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2) It results in labor absenteeism and labor turnover:
Workers try to skip the risky job duties and frequently remain absent during important tasks
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3) A worker may suffer temporary or permanent disability:
Major accidents can cause permanent disability of losing vision/ hand/ leg/ lungs / mental
disorder etc
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4) Workers family loses source of income and support:
Middle class family workers are lone bread earner to the whole family of 5-7 members
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C) Effects on Society:
1) Accidents increase unemployment rate in society:
Massive fire or chemical accidents may completely destroy entire factory
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Many may leave high risky jobs
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2) It increases number of disabled people in society:
Major accidents in mining/coal/construction industry may create many disabled people in society
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3) The family of affected worker has to depend upon donation by NGO’s:
The affected worker and family loose major source of income
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All sympathize with family
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This hampers overall growth of society, the village and the
country
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Sufficient free space between machines to avoid congestion, clash of movement of material &
devices
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Proper electric fixations, fire
extinguishers, smoke detectors controls fire accidents
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Risky parts, motors should be provisioned with
coolants, heat exhausts stabilizers to control fire
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All workers be strictly warned to maintain a
stable flow of process
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High production can be managed by additional 3rd
shifts or OTs or Sunday or outsourcing
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Financial provisions be made to bear cost of repairs and parts replacement
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Expiry date machines should be
timely replaced to avoid fire blasts
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Loose clothes may
entangle in a machine
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to protect self from any kind of impact
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Devices for lifting, pushing, mixing can
be used to avoid direct contact
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7) Technically sound building:
The factory building should be designed and structured keeping safety provisions of all types
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8) Safe flooring:
The floor of operation areas should not be shiny, slippery
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Maintain it bit rough but levelled and clean
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9) Safe use of tools & equipment:
Technicians must operate electrical and mechanical tools/devices with proper care
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Malfunctioning of even asmall device can lead major accidents
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Replace old noisy machines with silent high-tech machines
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Employees be trained through mock drills to operate them instantly in fire accident
situations
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Various types of hazards can cause illness, injury or death of a worker
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At the place of work some infections faced can show immediate reactions or impact on health
after long period of 10-15 years
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Every worker must feel safe and relaxed at work place to produce more, earn more and grow at
work and in life
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Health Programs in Industries
1) Establish First Aid Centre in a company:
Large scale organizations must set up a first aid center at work place with team of occupational
health doctors and nurses
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In
case of any major accidents, immediate first treatment can be provided to major and minor
injuries and save workers lives
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How to operate fire extinguisher, open windows, provide mouth to mouth
oxygen, serve water, position body properly, control blood flow, tie cotton clothes, cardiac CPR etc
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Common checkups such as level of physical exertion, underweight,
Eyesight, lungs, BP, bone fractures, spinals etc, to detect symptoms of major illnesses &
recommend high level treatment
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All treatment & medicine costs should be borne by organization
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5) Medical history of workers:
Organization must maintain medical history record of every single workers in a file / videos to
take timely action
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Based on common diseases, company can change technology, chemicals, stop particular
production, seek govt
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6) Compulsory use of safety gadgets:
Safety team must make it compulsory to all wear safety gadgets by specified workers
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Strict action/ punishment be initiated on those
who violate safety norms as one’s mistake can cause damage to all
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All mandatory provisions such as roof height, ventilators,
gas pipes, water pipes, heaters, coolants, electric control, smoke sensors, fire extinguishers etc be

installed wherever required
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Workers should feel safe, fresh, healthy and fit on daily basis at workplace
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This shall minimize chances of fire catch up
and major fire accidents
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Role of NIOH
•

NIOH was established in 1978 at Ahmedabad by Govt
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Presently it has two more centers
at Bangaluru and Kolkata
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• They also aim to provide quality health facilities, protect from health problems arising through
various occupations
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➢ To allot experts’ staff for visit to industrial locations to identify causes of occupational hazards
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➢ To promote better physical, mental, and social well-being of workers by availing all basic
facilities
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➢ To provide quality health to all workers in all sectors of industries (mining, oil, transport,IT,
medicine, manufacturing)
Legal Provisions regarding Health
1) Drinking Water:
Organizations must compulsorily provide pure and safe drinking water to all workers at all
locations
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2) Cleanliness:
Factory premises must be clean and sanitized to avoid any kind of infections at work place
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3) Lighting:
Entire premise must be illuminated with bright light with electrical bulbs or natural light
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Open and free spaces for easy movement
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5) Ventilation and temperature:
Proper ventilation and exhausts be provisioned to release heat/ smoke out and allow fresh air to
come in
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C’s, coolers
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7) First Aid Appliances:

First aid kits must be installed at all risk prone zones to attend accidental emergencies
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8) Dust & Fumes:
Install exhaust appliances to clear dust and gas fumes to protect workers from inhalation and
suffocation
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Workers to maintain immunity
at workplace
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It can be supplied to
govt/ private agencies for recycle if any
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• It aims at providing required support to the organizations located in risk prone areas to control
industrial accidents
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It comprises two parts –
18001 – provides standards for health & safety
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18002 – provides guidelines to be followed during implementation of OHSAS 18001
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Objectives of OHSAS:
To identify and control health risks
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To provide legal assistance to companies to resolve labor issues
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