Notesale: Turn your study into money

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NOTES 1
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 Understand by heart the distinction between ethics and values, and
 Draw a conclusion why police ethics is in tandem with values
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From
this etymological meaning, ethics is taken to mean as a philosophical science that deals
with the morality of human conduct or human acts
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Ethics is the study of the human motivation, and ultimately of human rational
behavior
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They affect how people make
decisions and lead their lives
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Two Divisions of Ethics
1
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SPECIFIC – application of general principles of morality to a certain profession
or calling
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“Character Is What You Do When Nobody’s Looking”
CHARACTER – the traits of a person shown through his thoughts, actions, values and
virtues
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It is within a person
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 It is molded depending on his environment
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PERSONALITY - to the enduring characteristics and behavior that comprise a person's
unique adjustment to life, including major traits, interests, drives, values, self-concept,
abilities, and emotional patterns
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It changes at point in time
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 It influences how one behaves as well as one’s motivation
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VALUES – anything that a person considers important in life, such as material things, ideas
and experiences
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General definition of Values
 Values is a concept that describes the beliefs of an individual or culture
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 It comes from the Latin word “valere” which means to be strong or to be worth
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Thus, they refer to our
ideals and our principles by which we live
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 It refers to anything that a person considers important or significant in life whether
tangible or intangible
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Biological values – those that are necessary for survival, such as food, shelter,
clothing, sex, water, sleep
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2
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3
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4
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HUMAN ACTS - refer to any activity performed by man
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Elements of Human Acts
1
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2
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3
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CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN ACTS
1
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(wish,
intention, consent, etc
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(the 1st tendency of the will towards a thing)
Intention – purposive tendency of the will toward a thing regarded as realizable
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2
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Human Acts vs
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Deliberate or intentional actions or
voluntary (elements of human acts)
Actions are the result of conscious
knowledge and are subject to the control
of the will
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Acts of Man
Actions which happen in man
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Biological and physiological movements
in man such as metabolism, respiration,
fear, anger, love and jealousy
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Voluntariness – comes from the Latin word “voluntas” referring to the will
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Without it, an act is a mere act of man
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Imperfect voluntariness – is present in a person who act without fully realizing what
he means to do, or without fully intending the act
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Conditional voluntariness – is present in a person who is forced by circumstance
beyond his control to perform an act which he would not do under normal
conditions
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Simple voluntariness – is present in a person doing an act willfully, regardless of
whether he likes to do it or not
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Modifier of Human Acts
1
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“Ignorance of the law excuses no one” – implies that no one should not act in the
state of ignorance and that no one who has done wrong may not claim
ignorance as a defense
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Vincible – ignorance that can be dispelled by ordinary diligence
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Crass (or supine) ignorance – a result of total or nearly total lack of
effort to dispel it
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Simply vincible – if there is some effort worthy of name, but not
persevering and wholehearted effort, be unsuccessfully employed
to dispel
c
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2
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a
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b
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2
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- either tendencies towards desirable objects or tendencies away from
undesirable or harmful things
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Positive emotions – love, desire, delight, hope and bravery
b
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Kinds of Concupiscence
1
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2
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(it receives the approval of the rational will)
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Fear – disturbance of the mind of a person who is confronted by an impending
danger or harm to himself or loved ones
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Violence – refers to any physical force exerted on a person by another free agent
for the purpose of compelling said person to act against his will
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Habits – is a lasting readiness and facility, born of frequently repeated acts, for
acting in a certain manner
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They assume the role of a second nature, moving one who has them to perform
certain acts with relative ease
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Classification of Morality
1
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2
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3
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They are neither good nor bad in themselves
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(neither good or bad)
Significance of Ethics
 Ethics is indispensable
 Without moral perception, man is no different from animals
 Without moral, man is a failure as human being
Morality is the foundation of every human society
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Every culture
admits the importance of morality as a standard of behavior
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Virtue – a habit that inclines the person to act in a way that harmonizes with his nature
- The habit of doing good
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Four Moral / Cardinal Virtues
1
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- The virtue that attracts the intellectual to choose the most effective
means for accomplishing what is morally good and avoiding what is
evil
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Temperance – one’s ability to moderate or avoid something
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3
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Patience – calmness and composure in enduring situations
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Perseverance – the ability to go on despite the obstacles
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Endurance – the ability to last
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Justice – the virtue that inclines the will to give to each one of his rights
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Cumutative – virtue that regulates those actions that involve the rights that exist
between one and another
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Distributive – regulates those actions that involve the rights than an individual may
claim from society
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Legal – virtue that regulates those actions which society may justly require of the
individual for the common good
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Supreme rights – the highest form of rights
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Inherent rights – rights attached to men as human
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Inalienable rights – rights that cannot be transferred, cannot be borrowed and
cannot be taken away
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Right to Life
Exceptions:
a
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Death under exceptional circumstances
c
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Right to Liberty
Exceptions:
a
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Penalty for commission of a crime
c
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Right to Property
Exceptions:
a
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By virtue of court order
Bill of Rights
– a list of individual liberties, freedom and rights which are guaranteed and
protected under Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
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- Protection of the rights of an accused
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A moral obligation incumbent upon a person of doing omitting or avoiding
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Professional Ethics
- A set of moral code to which every profession must subscribe
- Guides the professional where the law is silent or inadequate
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- It refers to a system of moral values that are generally accepted as professional
standards in policing
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LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS
As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to
safeguard life and property; to protect the innocent against deception, weak against
oppression or intimidation and the peaceful against violence or disorder: and to respect
the constitutional rights of all men, liberty, equality and justice
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Honest in thought and in deed both my personal and official life
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Whatever I see or hear
of a confidential in nature or is confided to me in my official capacity will be kept ever
secret unless revelation is necessary in the performance of my duty
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I will
enforce the law courteously and appropriately without fear or favor, malice or ill will,
never employing unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities in return
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I will never engage in
acts of corruption or bribery, nor will I condone such acts by other police officers
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I know that I alone is responsible for my own standard or professional
performance and will take every reasonable opportunity to enhance and Improve my
level of knowledge and competence
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Law
Enforcement
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