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Title: CRIMINOLOGY 4 (PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARD) MODULE 3
Description: For students studying criminology course
Description: For students studying criminology course
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NOTES 3
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CHAPTER 4
POLICE CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
The PNP adopts the generally acceptable customs and traditions based on the desirable practices
of the police
...
In our
lesson we will discuss the police customs and traditions that our PNP have
...
Customs – established usage or social practices carried on by tradition that have obtained the force of
law
...
Traditions – bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from generation to generation
with the effect of an unwritten law
...
Courtesy – a manifestation or expression of consideration and respect for others
...
Ceremony – a formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority as proper to special
occasion
...
Social Decorum – A set of norms and standards practices by members during social and other functions
...
Salute – salute is the usual greeting rendered by uniformed members upon meeting and recognizing
a person entitled to a salute
...
Salute of National Color and Standard – members stand attention and salute the national color and
standard as it passes by them or when the national color is raised or lowered during ceremonies
...
Address/Title – junior in rank address senior members who are entitled to salute with the word “sir”
...
4
...
5
...
6
...
7
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On this occasion, they are
given due recognition and congratulations by their peers for such deserved accomplishment
...
Exit Call – PNP members pay an Exit Call on their superiors in the unit or command when relieved or
reassigned out of the said unit or command
...
Courtesy of the Post – the host unit extends hospitality to visiting personnel who pay respect to the
command or unit
...
Rank has-its-own Privilege (RHIP) – PNP members recognize the practice that different ranks carry
with them corresponding privilege
...
Flag Raising Ceremony
...
2
...
At the end of the official days’ work, the PNP members pause for a moment
to salute the lowering of the flag
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Half-Mast
...
4
...
Departed uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or former PC/INP
members are given vigil, necrological services and graveside honors as a gesture of farewell
...
Ceremony Tendered to Retirees
...
6
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The relinquishment and assumption of command or key position is publicly
announced in a Turnover Ceremony by the outgoing and incoming officers in the presence of the
immediate superior or his representative
...
Turnover includes turnover of properties/equipment, human and material
resources
...
Wedding Ceremony
...
8
...
The birth or institutional establishment of a command or unit is commemorated in an
Anniversary Ceremony
...
Proper Attire
PNP members always wear appropriate and proper attire in conformity with the occasion
...
PNP GOA TYPE “A”
2
2
...
MESS JACKET
4
...
FULL DRESS BLUE (Ceremonial Blue)
6
...
2005-385)
7
...
TOURIST POLICE UNIFORM
(For PNP personnel assigned with the Tourist Police Unit)
9
...
SEARCH AND RESCUE UNIFORM (SAR)
11
...
Table Manners
PNP members observe table etiquette at all times
...
Social Graces
PNP members conduct themselves properly in dealing with people during social functions
...
Uniform/Appearance
The public looks upon a PNP member as distinctively a man among men
...
Bulging stomach is a taboo in
the uniformed service
...
Wearing of prescribed uniform; and
2
...
5
...
6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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Traditions – bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from generation to generation
with the effect of an unwritten law
...
Spiritual Belief
...
They
attend religious services together with the members of their family
...
Valor
...
They sacrificed their limbs and lives for the sake
of their countrymen whom they have pledges to serve
...
Patriotism
...
They manifest their love of
country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the Constitution
...
Discipline
...
5
...
PNP members are upright in character, gentle in manners, dignified in
appearance, and sincere in their concern to fellowmen
...
Word of Honor
...
They stand by and commit to uphold it
...
Duty
...
They shall readily accept
assignments anywhere in the country
...
Loyalty
...
9
...
The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police
organization, extending to the people they serve is manifested by the PNP members’ deep commitment
and concern for one another
...
I will love and serve God, my country and people;
2
...
I will oblige myself to maintain high standard of morality and professionalism;
4
...
I will live a decent and virtuous life to serve as an example to others
...
1
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PNP Training/course opening and closing ceremonies
...
Seminars on moral values internalization
4
...
The police have the authority to enforce the law
...
Police work by its very nature involves the slippery
slope (the potential for gradual deterioration of social-moral inhibitions and perceived sense of permissibility for
deviant conduct)
...
It includes all activities which are inconsistent with norms,
values, or ethics (from a societal standpoint or even from the police standpoint)
...
The following definitions may be helpful:
Deviance — behavior inconsistent with norms, values, or ethics
Corruption – forbidden acts involving misuse of office for gain
Misconduct — wrongdoing violations of departmental procedures
Favoritism — unfair “breaks” to friends or relatives (nepotism)
“Rotten Apples” – are either weak individuals who have slipped through screening process or
succumbed to the temptations inherent in police work or deviant individuals who continue their deviance in
an environment that gives them ample opportunity
...
It is wrongdoing, the appearance of
wrongdoing, or puzzling behavior that violates standards usually set down in departmental policies and
procedures, for good reasons, that the employee may or may not be cognizant of
...
The different types of misconduct are often classified as follows:
Malfeasance — intentional commission of a prohibited act or intentional unjust performance of some
act of which the party had no right (e
...
, gratuity, perjury, use of police resources for personal use)
...
g
...
6
Nonfeasance — failure to perform an act which one is obligated to do either by law or directive due
to omission or failure to recognize the obligation (e
...
, failure to file report, improper stop & frisk,
security breach)
...
POLICE GRATUITY
A gratuity is the receipt of free meals, services, or discounts
...
These are considered fringe benefits of the job
...
When there is an implied favor (a “wink and nod”), it’s called “mooching”
...
Gratuities often lead to things like kickbacks (bribery) for referring business to towing companies,
ambulances, or garages
...
At the extreme, opportunistic theft takes place, with police officers skimming items of value
that won’t be missed from crime scenes, property rooms, warehouses, or any place they have access to
...
”
2
...
The typical scenario
involves gay bars, which are considered the most vulnerable
...
Officers are
then in a position to threaten bar owners with violations if they do not make payoffs, and promise to intercept
(“fix”) any other violation reports processed through department channels
...
To deal with the gay bar
issue, many police departments have tried hiring openly gay recruits
...
In each case, the approach and modus operandi are somewhat variable,
because each officer subjects the business operator and/or patrons to the shakedown differently
...
POLICE PERJURY
This is usually a means to effect an act of corruption, leaving out certain pertinent pieces of
information in order to “fix” a criminal prosecution
...
Lies that Miranda warnings
have been given, when they haven’t, are also typical
...
Other actors in the system, supervisors and even judges, are often aware of the perjury
...
Everybody’s happy with the system
...
Most perjury is committed by decent cops who honestly believe a guilty defendant will go free unless
they lie about something
...
POLICE BRUTALITY
Police brutality has been defined as excessive force, name calling, sarcasm, ridicule, and disrespect
(President’s Commission 1967)
...
Kania and Mackey’s (1977) widely-regarded definition is “excessive violence, to an
extreme degree, which does not support a legitimate police function
...
This is commonly expressed as “more than excessive force”
...
The reasons why an officer might engage in this kind
of conduct are many:
a small percentage may have been attracted to police work for the opportunity to enjoy
physically abusing and hurting somebody
an officer may come to believe “it’s a jungle out there”
an officer may be provoked and pushed beyond their endurance
5
...
Effective
use of verbal communication is one of the skills expected in police work
...
It specifically condemns
certain words on radio and television that are “patently offensive”, but there’s no such mechanism for
determining what’s offensive with interpersonal communication
...
g
...
g
...
g
...
It’s commonly the case, however,
that use of such language by police officers is purposive and not a loss of control or catharsis
...
On the other hand, profanity for innocuous purposes may
very well be something that it is unrealistic to expect will go away in policing or many other contexts
...
POLICE SEX ON DUTY OR DUTY-RELATED
Contacts with promiscuous females and minimal supervision are part of the job
...
There are a number of women who are attracted to the uniform
or the aura of the occupation
...
These are women who make the rounds by waving at officers, getting them to stop or pull over, and then
set up meetings to have sex with them, or sometimes right then and there
...
Other situations involve:
traffic stops — to get a closer look at the female or information about her
fox hunting — stopping college girls to get the I’ll do anything routine
voyeurism — window peeping or interrupting lover’s lane couples
victim re-contacts — consoling victims who have psychological needs
opposite sex strip searches — touching and/or sex with jail inmates
8
sexual shakedowns — letting prostitutes go if they perform sex acts
On occasion, one hears about “rogue” officers who coerce women into having sex on duty, “second
rapes” of crime victims, and school liaison officers involved with juvenile females, but such instances are
rare because of the penalties involved
...
Such was the case in the 1985 Rathskellar incident
in San Francisco, where at a police academy graduation party, one bashful recruit was handcuffed to a
chair, and a prostitute was brought in to perform oral sex on him
...
POLICE SLEEPING ON DUTY
On the night shift, the police car is sometimes referred to as the “traveling bedroom”
...
Police officers who attend college during the day or moonlight at other
jobs in order to make a decent living are often involved in this kind of conduct
...
Sleeping on duty, of course, is just an
extreme example of goldbricking, the avoidance of work or performing only the amount minimally necessary
to satisfy superiors
...
8
...
g
...
However, even in cases of recreational usage (which doesn’t exist, since officers
are never off-duty or have any of their “own time”), the potential is there for corruption
...
It sets a bad example for public relations
...
Alcohol
and drugs tend to be mixed by police officers because there’s more sub cultural support for alcoholism;
thus the abuser covers up the drug use with alcoholism
...
One occasionally hears
stories of officers selling drugs at rock concerts
...
In cases were such officers have been disciplined, plea bargained, or arbitrated, the courts have not upheld
a job stress/drug connection, although there is some precedent in rulings that job assignment may be a
factor in alcoholism
...
They especially oppose drug testing after a shooting incident because
it taints the officer
...
They do, of course, support strict discipline of any employee who is involved in dealing drugs
...
POLICE MISUSE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
This normally involves jeopardizing ongoing investigations by “leaking” information to friends,
relatives, the public, the press, or in some cases, directly to the criminal suspects or members of their gang
...
Failed raids, for example, are often due to a leak in the department
...
Passwords can also slip out, granting access to computer network information
...
In general, however, cracking down on
secrecy violations has produced more problems than it has solved
...
9
PNP SEAL
PNP BADGE
10
Awards and Decorations of the Philippine National Police
The Philippine National Police recognizes individual
efficiency, gallantry in the face an enemy, and meritorious
accomplishments of its personnel by awarding decorations and
medals
...
Decoration – a piece of metal/material representing an award
...
Service Medal – an award given to individuals who rendered service in a campaign
operation in the PNP under certain conditions within a definite period of time
...
Service Ribbon – a ribbon in color with the suspension ribbon of the service medal it
represents, attached to a bar equipped with a suitable attaching device
...
3 Categories of Awards
1
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Medalya ng Kagitingan (PNP Medal of Valor) – the highest award given to PNP uniformed
personnel for acts of bravery and self-sacrifice
...
The first PNP Medal of Valor Awardee was Brother PCOL Elmar B
...
Medalya ng Kabayanihan (PNP Distinguished Conduct Medal) – for acts of conspicuous
courage and gallantry in the face of an armed enemy or acts of heroism so notable and involving a risk
of life so extraordinary as to set him apart from his comrades
...
Medalya ng Katapangan (PNP Bravery Medal) - is awarded to PNP members who have
shown gallantry in action
...
The medal is given for acts of personal bravery and self-sacrifice that are above and beyond the call of
duty
...
Medalya ng Katangitanging Asal (PNP Outstanding Conduct Medal) - is awarded to a
member of the PNP for heroic acts while in action, especially those involving conflict with an enemy
...
Medalya ng Kadakilaan (PNP Heroism Medal) - awarded for acts of bravery or outstanding
courage
...
11
f
...
Meritorious service is defined as the
praiseworthy execution of duties over a period of time
...
Medalya ng Papuri (PNP Commendation Medal) - this medal is awarded for exemplary
efficiency, devotion, and loyalty
...
Medalya ng Sugatang Magiting (PNP Wounded Personnel Medal) - recognizes police
officers who are wounded while serving their duty
...
Administrative Awards
a
...
b
...
c
...
Medalya ng Kagalingan (PNP Medal of Merit)
Medalya ng Katapatan sa Paglilingkod (PNP Distinguished Service Medal) - an award
given by the Philippine National Police (PNP) to recognize meritorious accomplishments, individual
efficiency, and gallantry in the face of an enemy
...
Miscellanous Awards
a
...
b
...
Medalya ng Mabuting Asal (PNP Good Conduct Medal)
d
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Medalya ng Paglaban sa Manliligalig (PNP Anti-dissidence Campaign medal)
f
...
Medalya ng Paglilingkod sa Luzon (PNP Luzon Campaign medal)
h
...
Medalya ng Paglilingkod sa Mindanao (PNP Mindanao Campaign medal)
j
...
The primary responsibility of every person admitted to the practice of Criminology as a Registered Criminologist
is to bear faithful allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and be loyal to his profession
...
b
...
Article 2
LIMITATION OF AUTHORITY
a
...
He must ensure that he is prime defender of that system and as such must never pervert its
character
...
They shall in the performance of their duty be just, impartial and reasonable, never according anyone more
preferential treatment than another
...
Article 3
13
PRIVATE CONDUCT
a
...
He must never be lax in conduct or manner in private life, express disrespect for the law, nor seek to gain
special privilege that would be reflective upon the profession
...
b
...
Article 4
CONDUCT TOWARDS THE PUBLIC
a
...
b
...
c
...
They shall regard their profession as a public trust and in the discharge of their duties,
bear constantly in mind their obligation to serve the public efficiently and effectively
...
The criminologists shall strive to make the best application of science to the solution of crime, by diligent study
and sincere attention to self-improvement, and in the fields of human relationships, strive for effective leadership
and public influence in matters affecting public safety
...
He shall appreciate the importance and responsibility of his profession as an honorable one rendering valuable
service to his community and country
...
c
...
d
...
Article 6
ATTITUDE TOWARDS FELLOW CRIMINOLOGISTS
a
...
b
...
He should however, be
assured that such action is proper and in accordance with law and guard against the sue of this office or person,
knowingly or unknowingly in any improper or illegal action
...
He must possess a sense of dedication to his profession and a
sense of duty and obligation to his fellowmen
...
He shall cooperate with fellow criminologists and public officials to the end that the safety and general welfare
of the public will be assured, never permitting jealousies or personal differences to influence their professional
duties and obligations
...
LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS
As a Law Enforcement Officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard lives and property;
to protect the innocent against deception; the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the peaceful against
violence or disorder; and to respect the constitutional rights of all men to liberty, equality and justice
...
Honest in thought and deed in both my
personal and official life, I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and the regulation of my department
...
I will never act officiously or permit personal
feelings, prejudices animosities or friendships to influence my decisions
...
I recognize the badge of
my office as a symbol of public faith, and I accept it as a public trust to be held so long as I am true to the other of
the police service
...
law enforcement
...
15
Title: CRIMINOLOGY 4 (PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARD) MODULE 3
Description: For students studying criminology course
Description: For students studying criminology course