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BIOL 1001 REAL EXAM 2025 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS/ BIOLOGY 1002 LSU PREP
WITH 130 EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS

The "heat" in chilli peppers is due to a molecule called capsaicin
...
Predict the characteristics of the resulting individuals
...
What is the significance of this finding?
a) cysteine residues are required for the formation of a-helices and b-pleated sheets
b) it will be important to include cysteine in the diet of mice
c) cysteine residues are involved in disulfide bridges that help form tertiary structure
d) cysteine causes bends, or angles, to occur in the tertiary structure of proteins - CORRECT

ANSWER-c) cysteine residues are involved in disulfide bridges that help form tertiary structure
You are studying a protein that is shaped like a doughnut
...
There is intense interest in this research field, called structural
biology
...
Which of the
following is most likely to be correct?
a) the enzyme contains both a-helices and b-pleated sheets
b) the enzyme is subject to both competitive inhibition and allosteric regulation
c) two types of allosteric regulation occur
...
Why is this
necessary?
a) because all enzymes require some help from another molecule to function correctly
b) because other molecules are necessary to prevent enzymes from denaturing
c) because each enzyme have multiple functions
d) because it is unlikely that all reaction products are required all of the time - CORRECT

ANSWER-d) because it is unlikely that all reaction products are required all of the time
How can phosphorylation drive an endergonic reaction?
a) it raises the potential energy of the reactant molecules(s), making subsequent reactions exergonic
b) it raises the activation energy of the reaction
c) it stabilises the transition state of the reaction

d) it adds needed heat to the reactants so they have sufficient energy to complete the reaction -

CORRECT ANSWER-a) it raises the potential energy of the reactant molecules(s), making
subsequent reactions exergonic

Which of the following is NOT a role proteins play in organisms
a) storage of genetic information
b) movement and shape changes
c) chemical signalling
d) structural support - CORRECT ANSWER-a) storage of genetic information

How do the alpha and beta forms of glucose differ?
a) their ring structure differ in the location of a hydroxyl group
b) their linear structure differ in the location of a hydroxyl group
c) the beta form can be involve in 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic linkages; the alpha form can participate only
in 1,4 linkages
d) the oxygen atom inside the ring is located in a different position - CORRECT ANSWER-a) their
ring structure differ in the location of a hydroxyl group

What is the difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar?
a) the number of carbons
b) the position of the hydroxyl groups
c) the position of the carbonyl group
d) one is a ring form, the other is a linear chain - CORRECT ANSWER-c) the position of the
carbonyl group

Which of the following sugars might have the formula C6H12O6?
a) triose
b) pentose
c) hexose
d) heptose - CORRECT ANSWER-c) hexose

What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen?

a) the types of monosaccharide subunits in the molecules
b) the type of glycosidic linkages in the molecule
c) whether glucose is in the alpha or beta form
d) the amount of branching that occurs in the molecule - CORRECT ANSWER-d) the amount of
branching that occurs in the molecule

Which of the following structural features is common to cellulose, chitin and peptidoglycan?
a) they are all composed of glucose in either the alpha or beta form
b) they all contain peptide bonds
c) they can all form bonds between molecules that create parallel strands
d) they all form highly branched fibres - CORRECT ANSWER-c) they can all form bonds between
molecules that create parallel strands

Compare the molecular formula of a carbohydrate (CH2O)n with that of a carbon dioxide (CO2)
...
What carbohydrate is the most likely source
of this sound?
a) glycogen
b) chitin
c) peptidoglycan

d) cellulose
e) starch - CORRECT ANSWER-b) chitin

If you were going to develop a new anti-biotic, you would probably need to become an expert on
which of these carbohydrates?
a) glycogen
b) chitin
c) peptidoglycan
d) cellulose
e) starch - CORRECT ANSWER-c) peptidoglycan

Which of the following best explains why fats, instead of carbohydrates, are used for long-term
energy storage in animals?
a) fats contain more energy, gram for gram, because they are amphipathic
b) carbohydrates contain less energy than fats do, because they have oxygens that oxidise some of
the carbons
c) fats are easier to store because they are nonpolar
d) our ancestors ate more fats than carbohydrates, so we adapted to the storage of fats -

CORRECT ANSWER-b) carbohydrates contain less energy than fats do, because they have
oxygens that oxidise some of the carbons

The term phospholipid can be best described by:
a) a nonpolar lipid molecule that is made polar by the addition of a phosphate
b) a nonpolar lipid molecule that is made amphipathic by the addition of a phosphate
c) a polar lipid molecule that fully interacts with water
d) a polar lipid molecule that fully repels water - CORRECT ANSWER-b) a nonpolar lipid
molecule that is made amphipathic by the addition of a phosphate

Phospholipid bilayer membranes are selectively permeable
...
If antibiotic use were
stopped, what would you predict would happen to these S
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Which of the following statements is correct?
a) animals and plants do not have a common ancestor
b) animals and land plants are more closely related to each other than either is to fungi
c) fungi and animals do not have a common ancestor

d) animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than animals are to land plants -

CORRECT ANSWER-d) animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than animals are
to land plants

How many electrons are involved in a single covalent bond? - CORRECT ANSWER-2

Suppose a researcher announced the discovery of a fossil that is 4
...
Why would you
be skeptical of this claim?
a) radiometric dating methods are not reliable for rocks that ancient
b) chemical evolution was completed by that time
c) according to current models and data, the planet was probably molten at the time
d) the fossil record is complete - CORRECT ANSWER-c) according to current models and data,
the planet was probably molten at the time

How many electrons are involved in a triple covalent bond? - CORRECT ANSWER-6

If an atom has a charge of 1+, which of the following is true?
a) it has the same number of protons as neutrons
b) it has the same number of protons as electrons
c) it has one more electron than it does protons
d) it has one more proton than it does electrons - CORRECT ANSWER-d) it has one more proton
than it does electrons

when are atoms most stable?
a) when they have the fewest possible valence electrons
b) when they have the maximum number of unpaired electrons
c) when all of the electron orbitals in the valence shell are filled
d) when all electrons are paired - CORRECT ANSWER-c) when all of the electron orbitals in the
valence shell are filled

why is water a good solvent?
a) most polar and charged substances dissolve in it

b) it is highly polar
c) it can participate in hydrogen bonds
d) all of these apply - CORRECT ANSWER-d) all of these apply

What makes a molecule hydrophobic?
a) charged groups
b) polar covalent bonds
c) non-polar covalent bonds
d) no bonds - CORRECT ANSWER-c) non-polar covalent bonds

Nucleic acids are polymers made up of which of the following monomers?
a) nucleotides
b) sugars
c) amino acids
d) nitrogenous bases - CORRECT ANSWER-a) nucleotides

Why do lipid bilayers form spontaneously?
a) the process is endergonic
b) the process is exergonic
c) the process leads to a huge decrease in entropy and no change in potential energy
d) the process is endothermic - CORRECT ANSWER-b) the process is exergonic

Why does cholesterol lower membrane permeability?
a) it is nonpolar
b) it fills gaps in membranes and increases hydrophobic interactions
c) it participates in hydrogen bonding in the membrane interior
d) it is small relative to most phospholipids - CORRECT ANSWER-b) it fills gaps in membranes
and increases hydrophobic interactions

What will happen to a red blood cell, which has an internal ion concentration of about 0
...
What is happen to them?
a) they will shrink
b) they will expand
c) they will remain the same size
d) you can't predict the outcome - CORRECT ANSWER-c) they will remain the same size

What is the name of the currently accepted model of membrane structure and where does it place
membrane proteins?
a) fluid-mosaic; on the outside and inside surfaces of the membrane only
b) fluid-mosaic; embedded within the membrane and on the surfaces of the membrane
c) sandwich; on the outside and inside surfaces of the membrane only
d) sandwich; embedded within the membrane and on the surfaces of the membrane - CORRECT

ANSWER-b) fluid-mosaic; embedded within the membrane and on the surfaces of the membrane
What is the significance of the phosphate group in a phospholipid?
a) it lowers the molecule's potential energy
b) it phosphorylates the molecule, changing its conformation
c) it is highly hydrophilic

d) it gives the molecule a bend or "kink" - CORRECT ANSWER-c) it is highly hydrophilic

By convention, the sequence of bases in a nucleic acid is always written in which direction?
a) amino to carboxyl
b) carboxyl to amino
c) 3' to 5'
d) 5' to 3' - CORRECT ANSWER-d) 5' to 3'

Which of the following best describes DNA's secondary structure?
a) beta-pleated sheet
b) double parallel helical strands
c) turn-loop-turn
d) double antiparallel helical strands - CORRECT ANSWER-d) double antiparallel helical strands

Which of the following is not a difference between RNA and DNA?
a) one is typically single stranded and the other is typically double stranded
b) one contains uracil and the other does not
c) one contains ribose sugar and the other contains deoxyribose sugar
d) one is made of nucleotide monomers and the other one is not - CORRECT ANSWER-d) one is
made of nucleotide monomers and the other one is not

Hairpins and stem-and-loop patterns make up what part of RNA's structure?
a) primary
b) secondary
c) tertiary
d) quaternary - CORRECT ANSWER-b) secondary

The term ribozyme describes what property of RNA molecules?
a) single-stranded
b) catalytic

c) its shape
d) the fact that part of RNA molecules can be double-stranded similar to DNA - CORRECT

ANSWER-b) catalytic
What two functional groups are present on every amino acid?
a) an amino group and a carbonyl group
b) an amino group an a carboxyl group
c) an amino group and a hydroxyl group
d) a carbonyl group and a carboxyl group - CORRECT ANSWER-b) an amino group an a carboxyl
group

If an atom is electrically neutral, which of the following is true?
a) it has the same number of protons as neutrons
b) it has the same number of protons as electrons
c) it has the same number of neutrons as electrons
d) it has at least one more electron that it does protons - CORRECT ANSWER-b) it has the same
number of protons as electrons

Which step does not occur during catalysis?
a) a substrate binds in a specific orientation to the enzyme
b) reaction products are released from the enzyme because they have less affinity for the active site
of the enzyme than the reactants
c) an enzyme lowers the temperature at which a reaction proceeds
d) an enzyme undergoes a conformational change when a substrate is bound to its active site -

CORRECT ANSWER-c) an enzyme lowers the temperature at which a reaction proceeds
environments all over the world are changing as a result of global warming
...
The environment is always changing
...
Traits that help individuals produce more offspring in warmer environments will increase
frequency
c) No
...
Mutations occur more frequently in hot environments - CORRECT ANSWER-b) Yes
...
What is the function of these cellular junctions?
a) to attach epithelial cells to a basement membrane
b) to seal the epithelium and prevent movement of substances between cells
c) to recognise pathogenic organisms present in the lumen of the small intestine

d) to release digestive enzymes into the intestinal lumen - CORRECT ANSWER-b) to seal the
epithelium and prevent movement of substances between cells

signal transduction involves:
a) regulation of gene expression
b) metabolic regulation
c) regulation of blood glucose
d) all of these are cellular response to signal transduction - CORRECT ANSWER-d) all of these
are cellular response to signal transduction

You have a distant cousin, age 4, who is always tired and fatigued and it not able to play games and
sports like other healthy children
...
Despite the structural and functional
similarities of these cell types, scientists suspect that the structures have evolved independently
...

Futhermore, eukaryotic flagella are covered by a plasma membrane while the prokaryotic flagella is
not
...

Furthermore, eukaryotic flagella are covered by a plasma membrane while the prokaryotic flagella is
not
...
One of the risks of working in
a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis
...
Cells will phagocytose the foreign material, but are unable to degrade it
...
This feature
contributes to their ability to:
a) grow rapidly
b) contribute to an increased blood supply
c) attach to healthy body cells
d) spread to other parts of the body - CORRECT ANSWER-d) spread to other parts of the body

Integrins are integral membrane proteins
...
The receptorsignal complex brings about a series of events that result in a contraction of skeletal muscle
...
What would that do to its
victims?
a) their muscles would be unable to contract
b) their muscles would be unable to relax
c) cell receptors would no longer be able to bind regulatory hormones
d) G-protein receptors would all be inactivated - CORRECT ANSWER-b) their muscles would be
unable to relax

Scientists found that polypeptides that are normally synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum are
about 20 amino acids longer when they are synthesised by ribosomes not attached to the

endoplasmic reticulum
...
A feature of
intercalated discs is a large number of gap junctions
...
So what happens in the
athlete when he exhausts his ATP supply?
a) he has to sit down and rest
b) catabolic processes are activated that generate ATP
c) ATP is transported into the cell from circulation
d) other cells take over and the muscle cell that has used up its ATP quites - CORRECT ANSWERb) catabolic processes are activated that generate ATP

What characteristic of ATP is responsible for its high energy level?
a) the nitrogen atoms in adenine
b) the phosphorous atoms in the phosphate group
c) the C-H bonds of the ribose sugar
d) the closely spaced negative charges associated with the phosphate groups - CORRECT

ANSWER-d) the closely spaced negative charges associated with the phosphate groups
There is a great deal of energy in the glucose molecule in its:
a) C-H bonds
b) C-N bonds
c) level of oxygen
d) ring structure - CORRECT ANSWER-a) C-H bonds

Substrate level phosphorylation occurs within a metabolic pathway where sufficient energy is
released by a given chemical reaction to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate
...
Why is this energy
necessary to begin the process of glucose catabolism?
a) it isn't, glucose contains 686 kcal/mole in its chemical bonds, so its catabolism is spontaneous
b) to generate the electron carrier NAD+
c) to prime the enzymes of glycolysis
d) glucose contains a great deal of energy in its chemical bonds, but it is a stable molecule; thus,
some energy must be invested to make the molecule unstable and begin the process of catabolism -

CORRECT ANSWER-d) glucose contains a great deal of energy in its chemical bonds, but it is a
stable molecule; thus, some energy must be invested to make the molecule unstable and begin the
process of catabolism

Canine phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency affects springer spaniels, affecting an estimated 10% of
the breed
...
Given its critical role in glycolysis, one implication of genetic defect
resulting in PFK deficiency in dogs is:
a) early embryonic mortality
b) elevated blood-glucose levels
c) exercise intolerance
d) it would have no visible effect on the health of the animal - CORRECT ANSWER-c) exercise
intolerance

The energy of electron transport serves to move (translocate) protons to the outer mitochondrial
compartment
...
What type of
cell division occurs to generate this type of offspring?
a) mitosis
b) meiosis
c) cell fusion
d) spermatogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER-b) meiosis

The central nervous system is lacking in animals that have
a) a complete gut
b) bilateral symmetry
c) radial symmetry
d) a closed circulatory system
e) excitable membranes - CORRECT ANSWER-c) radial symmetry

The vertebrate spinal cord develops from the embryonic
a) notochord
b) dorsal hollow nerve chord
c) pharyngeal pouch
d) coelum
e) podia - CORRECT ANSWER-b) dorsal hollow nerve chord

Which proteins allow like cells, such as neural cells, to adhere and come together to form the
developing CNS in the embryo?
a) receptor kinases
b) cadherins
c) cAMP
d) integrins - CORRECT ANSWER-b) cadherins

Genetic damage in gametes that participate in fertilisation elevates the risk of:
a) the disruption of cell differentiation in the developing foetus
b) poor health outcomes for the offspring
c) poor fertility
d) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-d) all of the above

A biologist doing a long-term study on a wild spider population observes increased variation in silk
thickness
...
For the first few years, the triazine
works well and almost all of the pigweed dies; but after several years, the farmer sees more and
more pigweed
...
If this hypothesis is true, what would you
expect to observe if a population of these medium ground finches colonizes a nearby island where
Tribulus cistoides is the primary available food in all years?

Assume that (1) even the survivors of the 1977 drought sometimes had difficulty cracking the tough
T
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a) random fluctuations in beak size and shape
b) evolution of yet larger, deeper beaks over time
c) evolution of smaller, pointier beaks over time
d) no change in beak size and shape - CORRECT ANSWER-b) evolution of yet larger, deeper
beaks over time

There is a population of beetles that typically have black wings
...
Recently some beetles have been
born with white wings
...
Which of the following is a
true statement about the beetles?
a) white and black winged beetles have equal fitness
b) black winged beetles have a higher fitness than white winged beetles
c) the number of baby white winged beetles will decrease in frequency over time
d) white wings are an adaption - CORRECT ANSWER-a) white and black winged beetles have
equal fitness



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