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📘 Class 10 Biology – Chapter Notes

📘 Topic: Reproduction in Organisms
Reproduction is the biological process by which new individuals are produced from their
parents
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2
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Asexual Reproduction
- Involves only one parent
- Offspring are genetically identical (clones)
- No formation of gametes
- Common in unicellular organisms and some plants

Types of Asexual Reproduction:
- Binary Fission – e
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, Amoeba, Bacteria
- Multiple Fission – e
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, Plasmodium
- Budding – e
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, Hydra, Yeast
- Spore Formation – e
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, Rhizopus
- Fragmentation – e
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, Spirogyra
- Regeneration – e
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, Planaria
- Vegetative Propagation – e
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, Potato (tuber), Bryophyllum (leaves)

B
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Gamete formation
2
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Zygote formation
4
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New individual

3
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Pollination – Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
2
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Seed Formation – Ovule develops into seed
4
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Sexual Reproduction in Humans
Male Reproductive System:
- Testes – Produce sperm and testosterone
- Vas deferens – Transports sperm
- Seminal vesicle – Adds fluid to sperm
- Penis – Transfers sperm

Female Reproductive System:
- Ovaries – Produce eggs (ova) and estrogen
- Fallopian Tube – Site of fertilization

- Uterus – Embryo develops here
- Vagina – Birth canal

5
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Puberty & Changes During Adolescence
- Puberty: Age of reproductive maturity
- Physical changes: growth of hair, voice change, body shape
- Hormonal changes: testosterone (boys), estrogen (girls)

7
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Q2: Name two organisms which reproduce by budding
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Q3: What is the function of testes?
A: To produce sperm and the hormone testosterone
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Q5: Define vegetative propagation with example
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Example: Potato
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A: HIV/AIDS; prevention: use of condoms and awareness

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