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Title: Nervous System Notes
Description: Notes for the human Nervous System with the components such as the sensory, motor, relay neurone and and the reflex arc
Description: Notes for the human Nervous System with the components such as the sensory, motor, relay neurone and and the reflex arc
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Nervous System Notes
A change in the environment resulting in a reaction is called a stimulus
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The response normally benefits the organism
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The nervous system
consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves and sense organs that help the body to adjust rapidly to
any changes in the environment and enable the various parts of the body to coordinate quickly
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The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (brain and the spinal cord) and the
peripheral nervous system (cranial nerves, spinal nerves and the sense organs)
...
These
nerve impulses are carried by nerves
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Muscles act as effectors as they effect an action
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Types of Neurones
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Sensory Transmits nerve impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system
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Motor Transmits nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the effectors
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It is
irregular in shape
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Dendrites End branches that receive nerve impulses
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Myelin Sheath Layer of fatty substances enclosing the nerve fibres to insulate the axon
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This helps speed up the transmission of
impulses along the nerve fibre
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Motor end plate Junction between axon terminal and the muscle fibre where nerve impulses
are transmitted across the motor end plate by chemicals to stimulate the muscles
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Impulses are transmitted from the axon terminal of one neurone to the dendron of another neurone
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Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and bind to a specific receptor on the
receiving neurone or effector
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A nerve is a bundle of nerve fibres enclosed bin a sheath of connective tissue
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They contain sensory fibres, motor nerve fibres or a mix of both
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Spinal nerves branch out along
the spinal cord and branches to supply nerve fibres to various parts of the body
...
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White matter Consists of the nerve fibres and forms the central layers of the brain and the outer
parts of the spinal cord
...
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Dorsal Root The dorsal root joins the dorsal part of the spinal cord
...
o
Dorsal Root Ganglion A small swelling in the dorsal root that contains the cell bodies of
the sensory neurones
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It contains of the nerve
fibres of the motor neurones that transmit impulses from the spinal cord
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The spinal nerve
contains both sensory and motor neurones
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Types of Actions
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Sensation Unconscious action
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Voluntary Deliberate action that is produced by the forebrain and is transmitted by a relay
neurone from the forebrain, down the white matter of the spinal cord and then into the grey
matter
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Forebrain > Relay neurone in spinal cord > Motor neurone >
Effector
●
Reflex (Involuntary) – Simplest form of response in humans and occurs immediately without any
conscious effort
...
Reflex actions may be cranial
reflexes that are controlled by the brain and usually occur in the head or spinal reflexes which
are controlled by the spinal cord and happen in the body
...
Stimuli stimulate receptors and impulses are produced
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Nerve impulses travel along the sensory neurone to the spinal cord
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In the spinal cord, the nerve impulses are transmitted first across a synapse to the relay
neurone and then across another synapse to the motor neurone
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The motor neurone transmits the impulses from the spinal cord to the effector
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The effector muscles then respond
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Receptor > Sensory Neurone > Central Nervous System > Motor Neurone > Effector
Title: Nervous System Notes
Description: Notes for the human Nervous System with the components such as the sensory, motor, relay neurone and and the reflex arc
Description: Notes for the human Nervous System with the components such as the sensory, motor, relay neurone and and the reflex arc