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BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ELE290
1
...
0
...
KCL may be expressed mathematically as:n
i
j 1
j
0
Where ij represents current in the jth element and n is the number of elements connected to
the node k
...
If
the current s entering the node are taken as positive, the currents leaving the node are
negatives, or vice versa
...
i1
i2
i5
i3
i4
Figure 1 Application of KCL
KCL equation for Fig
...
i1 i 2
I1
I2
I3
i 2 i3
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ELE290
1
...
2) Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
Kirchoff’s voltage law states that at any instant of time the sum of voltages in a closed circuit
equals to zero
...
If the voltage drop from the positive polarity to the negative polarity is assigned as positive
sign, then the voltage rise from the negative polarity to the positive polarity is assumed as
negative, or vice-versa
...
It is
our choice whether to apply KVL clock-wise or anti clock-wise
...
Both methods are correct
...
+V1-
10 V
+V2-
KVL direction 5 V
-V3+
Figure 2 Application of KVL
By applying KVL onto the closed loop in Fig
...
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ELE290
+
V1
-
+
V2
-
+
V3
-
V1 V2
V 2 V3
1
...
1
...
R1
R2
R3
RTOTAL R1 R2 R3
1
...
2) Parallel Connection
For impedances that is connected in parallel, addition of the impedances must be
calculated by using parallel concept from right to left part of the circuit
...
R1
1
RTOTAL
1
RTOTAL
RTOTAL
R2
1
1
R1 R2
R1 R2
R1 R2
RR
1 2
R1 R2
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ELE290
1
...
3) Voltage Divider Rule
When a voltage has to be divided among various resistors connected in series, the voltage is
divided by using the voltage divider rule:-
+ V1R1
+
V
-
R2
V V1 V2
V1
R1
V
R1 R2
V2
R2
V
R1 R2
+
V2
-
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ELE290
Tutorials
1
...
2Ω
I1
10V
3Ω
5Ω
1Ω
+
VR1
-
b
...
2
...
+
I1 VR1
-
50kΩ
I2
4