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ANATOMY OF THE KIDNEY
AND SUPRARENAL GLANDS
By: Ahmed Al Nabawy Ahmed

POSITION
on the posterior abdominal
wall
...

extend from T12 to L3
...

Hilum: L1 (transpyloric
plane), 5 cm from median
plane
...
5 cm
from median plane)
...
5 cm from
median plane)
...
e
...


SIZE & SHAPE

HILUM OF KIDNEY
• Site: In the middle of med
...

• Transmits (VAP)
1
...

2
...
Lower end
3
...


Lateral border

• 12 cm in length * 6 cm in
breadth * 3 cm in thickness
...

• 2 ends (upper and lower)
...
& post
...

Ant
...

• devoid of peritoneal
covering, (the kidney
is retroperitoneal)
...


Diaphragm

Diaphragm
Subcosal aretry
Subcosal nerve
Tr
Iliohypogastric
nerve
Ilioinguinal
nerve

Qu

Ps

The diaphragm
separates the
kidney from:
last rib & costodiaphragmatic
recess
...

from within outwards:
Fibrous capsule
...

3
...
A perinephrenic
abscess spreads only downwards where the 2 layers of renal
fascia are separate
...
Pararenal (paranephric) fat: mainly behind the kidney
...

2
...
Attachment of the renal fascia to the surrounding fascia
covering diaphragm, psoas major & transversus
abdominis
...
Perirenal and pararenal fat
...
Apposition of neighbouring viscera
...


2- cortex
renal columns

1) Medulla (INNER):
 consists of a number of conical masses (renal pyramids) each
of which has an apex (towards the hilum) and a base
(towards the cortex)
...

 Each minor calyx receives from l to 3 papillae
...

 covers the bases of the pyramids
...


BLOOD SUPPLY
RENAL ARTERIES
from the side of the aorta at
level of L2
...

2
...


Branches to the
kidney (pass through
its hilum)
...

Branches to the pelvis
of the ureter
...

 The right renal vein is
shorter than the left vein
...

 indicates the boundary zone
between the areas of
distribution of the anterior and
posterior divisions of renal
artery
...


Renal Vein Entrapment
(nutcracker) Syndrome
 left renal vein traverses an
acute angle between SMA
anteriorly and abdominal
aorta posteriorly
...

 The syndrome may include:
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...


LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
 lateral aortic (paraaortic) lymph nodes
(on the side of the
aorta close to the
origin of the renal
artery)
...
This
renal plexus consists of
autonomic (vasomotor)
fibres

 Some of the nerves are
sensory and convey
painful sensations from
the renal pelvis and
upper part of the ureter
to (T10 – L1)
...

 POSITION: over the upper pole of the kidney one on each side of
the midline
...

 SIZE AND SHAPE:
 Adult: l/30 that of the kidney
 Newborn: l/3 the size of the kidney
...

 The cortex: under hormonal control of ACTH
...

lesser sac (stomach bed)
relations
Bare area of the liver
...

Left kidney
...
Superior suprarenal artery: from inferior phrenic
arteries
artery
...
Middle suprarenal artery: from abdominal aorta
3
...

Suprarenal ends in the inferior vena ends in the left renal vein
...


Renal Transplantation
 established operation for the
treatment of chronic renal
failure
...

 The site for transplanting a
kidney is in the iliac fossa
...




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