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Title: LAB EXERCISE USING ‘‘VIRTUAL RATS’’ TO TEACH ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY
Description: Scientific Basis of Therapeutics. 2nd year Pharmacy (level 5). LJMU. To help in determining the identity of the unknown hormones, we looked for changes between the control values and the values of the unknown hormone (both the intact and castrate animal). The changes between the control rats and the rats that were treated with the unknown hormone should be .20% if they are to be considered significantly different. If the change is ,20%, it is attributed to experimental or biological error. Experimental errors may include small errors in calibration procedures, measurements, or instrumentation. Any variability that occurs because of the differences between animals is considered biological error.
Description: Scientific Basis of Therapeutics. 2nd year Pharmacy (level 5). LJMU. To help in determining the identity of the unknown hormones, we looked for changes between the control values and the values of the unknown hormone (both the intact and castrate animal). The changes between the control rats and the rats that were treated with the unknown hormone should be .20% if they are to be considered significantly different. If the change is ,20%, it is attributed to experimental or biological error. Experimental errors may include small errors in calibration procedures, measurements, or instrumentation. Any variability that occurs because of the differences between animals is considered biological error.
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Section B
Table 1
TRH
TSH
ACTH
Cortisol Testosterone
LH
Intact
Castrate
Intact
-
-
-
Testes
-
NC
+
NC
Prostate
+
+
+
NC
Seminal
vesicles
+
+
+
NC
+
+
+
Pituitary
+
-
-
-
Thyroid gland
+
Adrenal
glands
+
-
Thymus gland
-
Castrate
+
-
Body weight
-
-
-
-
1
Table 2: Change in organ weight following hormone treatment (%)
Control
1
2
3
4
5
6
Castrate
Intact
Castrate
Intact
Castrate
Intact
Castrate
Intact
Castrate
Pituitary
0% (NC)
-38%
-40%
-1%
0% (NC)
2%
3%
1%
0% (NC)
1%
1%
94%
99%
Thyroid gland
0% (NC)
100%
102%
-2%
0% (NC)
1%
0% (NC)
-2%
-1%
0% (NC)
0% (NC)
96%
98%
Adrenal glands
0% (NC)
-8%
-8%
150%
138%
-5%
3%
-13%
-13%
0% (NC)
5%
3%
-5%
Thymus gland
1%
-4%
-4%
-68%
-69%
-1%
-2%
-47%
-50%
1%
0% (NC)
-3%
-4%
-
-50%
-
-6%
-
-94%
-
0% (NC)
-
78%
-
-48%
-
Prostate
-9%
-5%
-3%
1%
2%
112 %
51%
-4%
-2%
88%
-3%
-6%
-3%
Seminal vesicles
-10%
-4%
-1%
-2%
-9%
180%
107 %
-5%
-2%
80%
-8%
-4%
0% (NC)
Body weight (g)
-10%
-49%
-50%
-33%
-28%
33%
37%
-50%
-50%
3%
2%
-47%
-47%
Effect of hormone 3 (intact)
Effect of hormone 3 (castrate)
Effect of hormone 4 (intact)
Effect of hormone 4 (castrate)
Effect of hormone 5 (intact)
Effect of hormone 5 (castrate)
Effect of hormone 6 (intact)
Effect of hormone 6 (castrate)
Testes
Effect of castration
-IDENTIFY HORMONE:
TSH
Effect of hormone 2 (castrate)
Intact
Effect of hormone 2 (intact)
Castrate
Effect of hormone 1 (castrate)
Intact
Effect of hormone 1 (intact)
Castrate
ACTH
Testosterone
Cortisol
LH
TRH
2
• Hormone No: 1
Identification: TSH
The size of the pituitary decreased because TSH negatively feeds back to the pituitary gland and the
hypothalamus
...
The rest of
the body underwent a wasting effect due to the release of excess TH, which raised the BMR, causing
the body weight of the rat to decrease
...
• Hormone No: 2
Identification: ACTH
ACTH stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands; however, cortisol is only released in
the maximum amount the body can produce (physiological dose)
...
The adrenal glands increased in weight because they were
being stimulated, whereas the thymus gland had a reduction in weight because of cortisol’s
immunosuppressive action
...
Cortisol also caused a general decrease in body weight because it promotes protein degradation and
lipolysis
...
• Hormone No: 3
Identification: Testosterone
When testosterone was added from an external source, the castrate and intact animals appeared the
same
...
There was a
decrease in the testes mass because testosterone negatively feeds back to inhibit its own release from
the testes
...
An increase in the mass of the seminal vesicles and the prostate was seen because
testosterone functions to maintain the male reproductive system
...
The pituitary and adrenal glands decrease in size because they are inhibited by
the negative feedback of cortisol
...
Cortisol does not significantly
affect the reproductive organs
...
The hormone LH
which is also known as interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, stimulates Leydig cells in the testes
yielding testosterone
...
No testes were present in the castrate rat for LH to
stimulate or release testosterone; so the weight of the seminal vesicles and prostate did not change
...
LH does affect the reproductive system
...
The thyroid increased in size because TRH stimulated the release of TSH
...
TSH does not significantly affect the reproductive organs
Title: LAB EXERCISE USING ‘‘VIRTUAL RATS’’ TO TEACH ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY
Description: Scientific Basis of Therapeutics. 2nd year Pharmacy (level 5). LJMU. To help in determining the identity of the unknown hormones, we looked for changes between the control values and the values of the unknown hormone (both the intact and castrate animal). The changes between the control rats and the rats that were treated with the unknown hormone should be .20% if they are to be considered significantly different. If the change is ,20%, it is attributed to experimental or biological error. Experimental errors may include small errors in calibration procedures, measurements, or instrumentation. Any variability that occurs because of the differences between animals is considered biological error.
Description: Scientific Basis of Therapeutics. 2nd year Pharmacy (level 5). LJMU. To help in determining the identity of the unknown hormones, we looked for changes between the control values and the values of the unknown hormone (both the intact and castrate animal). The changes between the control rats and the rats that were treated with the unknown hormone should be .20% if they are to be considered significantly different. If the change is ,20%, it is attributed to experimental or biological error. Experimental errors may include small errors in calibration procedures, measurements, or instrumentation. Any variability that occurs because of the differences between animals is considered biological error.