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The light independent reaction
ATP and reduced NADP are used to reduce carbon dioxide in the second stage of
photosynthesis
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It is often called the Calvin cycle
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It then
diffuses through the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and chloroplast membranes into
the stomata
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3) This combination produces two molecules of glycerate-3- phosphate (GP)
4) ATP and reduced NADP from the light-dependant reaction are used to reduce the
activated glycerate -3-phosphate to triose phosphate (TP)
5) The NADP is reformed and goes back to the light-dependant reaction to be reduced
again by accepting more hydrogen
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7) Most triose phosphate molecules are used to regenerate ribulose bisphosphate
using ATP from the light-dependant reaction
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The chloroplasts are adapted to carry out this reaction in many ways:
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

The stroma contain all the enzymes needed
The stroma fluid surrounds the grana so the products of the light-dependant
reaction in the grana can readily diffuse into the stroma
It contains both DNA and ribosomes so it can easily manufacture the proteins

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