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Title: Neural Control of Blood Pressure
Description: An overview of the control of blood pressure by neural mechanisms, looking at sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Written by/for a final year university Medical Science student. Includes the brain areas involved and the main pathways involved, including how blood pressure is detected.
Description: An overview of the control of blood pressure by neural mechanisms, looking at sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Written by/for a final year university Medical Science student. Includes the brain areas involved and the main pathways involved, including how blood pressure is detected.
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Neural Control of Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is controlled by a feedback mechanism involving receptors in vessel walls
and neuroendocrine mechanisms
...
The most important are the
aortic arch baroreceptors, which signal via the vagus nerve, passing through the nodose
ganglion; and the carotid sinus baroreceptors, which signal via the glossopharyngeal nerve
that passes through the petrosal ganglion
...
An increased blood pressure will cause greater stretch and cause the
baroreceptors to increase the frequency of action potentials
...
The aortic arch and carotid sinus nerves synapse within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)
within the medulla oblongata
...
The sympathetic division projects glutamatergic neurons to the caudal ventrolateral
medulla (CVLM), which then sends GABAergic inhibitory neurons to the rostral ventrolateral
medulla (RVLM)
...
An increase in activity of the
baroreceptors, indicating increased blood pressure, will cause greater inhibition of the RVLM
and so will reduce the sympathetic outflow to the target organs and helping reduce the blood
pressure
...
These areas then innervate the heart via muscarinic
receptors to reduce heart rate
...
The parasympathetic division causes constant depression of the heart rate below
the natural pacemaker rhythm
...
The blood pressure is also controlled by the reninangiotensin system in the kidneys which
themselves can detect an increase in blood pressure, however there is also a neural input
...
Renin then converts
angiotensinogen released from the liver into angiotensinI, which then is converted to
angiotensinII by angiotensin converting enzyme
...
Such as within the kidney, where it increases
retention of sodium, and water to increase blood volume, can promote vasoconstriction
...
As well as sympathetic innervation of the kidney, a drop in blood pressure leads to increased
stimulation of the adrenal medulla by sympathetic nerve terminals which synapse directly on
the adrenal glands
Title: Neural Control of Blood Pressure
Description: An overview of the control of blood pressure by neural mechanisms, looking at sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Written by/for a final year university Medical Science student. Includes the brain areas involved and the main pathways involved, including how blood pressure is detected.
Description: An overview of the control of blood pressure by neural mechanisms, looking at sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Written by/for a final year university Medical Science student. Includes the brain areas involved and the main pathways involved, including how blood pressure is detected.