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Title: Macromolecules
Description: Notes taken in a biology class on macromolecules. They are formatted as a topic with bullets under them.
Description: Notes taken in a biology class on macromolecules. They are formatted as a topic with bullets under them.
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Macromolecules
9
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2015
What is a macromolecule?
A biologically significant molecule that is especially large, such as a polymer or protein, consisting
of many smaller structural units linked together
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Biological Macromolecule
All biological macro-molecules are made up of a small number of elements: Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur
Anagram – CHNOPS
Polymer – Many (ex
...
Pearls of necklace, keys on keyboard)
Four types of macromolecules are:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids (Fats)
Nucleic Acids
Dehydration Synthesis
- Puts them together
- Also called “condensation reaction”
- Forms polymers by combining monomers by “removing water”
...
- Macromolecules are large organic molecules
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- Usually bonds with C, H, O or N
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- Example:
CH4(methane)
9
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2015
Carbohydrates
- These are slightly polar but mostly covalent
...
It’s not significant enough for us to focus on
...
The most common monomer of
carbohydrates is Glucose
What do Carbohydrates do?
- They are the main source for the body to gain energy
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Monosaccharide: one sugar unit meets chemical formula (CH2O)n
- n is any number
- Bitter
Disaccharide: two sugar unit (two monosaccharides)
Examples
- Sucrose (glucose + fructose)
- Lactose (glucose + galactose)
- Maltose (glucose + glucose)
Polysaccharide: many sugar units
- starch (bread, potatoes)
- glycogen (beef, muscle)
- cellulose (lettuce, corn)
Simple Sugars - carbohydrates made up of 1 or 2 monomers (disaccharide)
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Complex Sugars - polymers made up of many monomers (polysaccharides)
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Lasts long time and break down slowly
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14
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Fatty Acids
2
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Waxes
4
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Triglycerides
Functions:
1
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Protection against heat loss (insulation)
3
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Protection against water loss
5
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Major component of membranes (phospholipids)
Lipids do not have a single monomer, but the smallest and most common lipid is the fatty acid
Saturated fatty acids hold as many hydrogens as possible
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Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one carbon pair making a double bond- they are not
saturated with hydrogens
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50 on PPTX)
Triglycerides:
- Composed of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
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- They act as a cushion and heat insulation
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Are they skinny?
Triglycerides can be saturate or unsaturated
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If that have at least one unsaturated fatty acid, they are
considered to be unsaturated fats
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Their job is to stimulate a cell to do something ⋆
...
There are many different types of steroids
...
Their functions vary
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Title: Macromolecules
Description: Notes taken in a biology class on macromolecules. They are formatted as a topic with bullets under them.
Description: Notes taken in a biology class on macromolecules. They are formatted as a topic with bullets under them.