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The Americans (Reconstruction to the 21st Century)

Chapter 8:
TELESCOPING THE TIMES Life at the Turn of the 20th Century
CHAPTER OVERVIEW As the twentieth century begins, American culture changes due
to new technological advances, cultural forms, and mass media
...


Section 1: Science and Urban Life
MAIN IDEA Advances in science and technology helped solve urban problems,
including overcrowding
...
One advance was the use of steel frameworks to build tall
buildings
...
People could now live in one part of a city and work in another
...
To avoid congestion on the streets, some
cities built elevated train lines
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Urban planners made cities more livable by designing parks and recreational areas
...
Both Boston and Chicago
grew by following carefully laid-out plans
...
Orville and Wilbur Wright of Dayton, Ohio
built the first airplane
...
As the number of people who could read quickly increased,
publishers printed more and more books, magazines, and newspapers
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Another invention made pictures, rather than words, more accessible
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Journalists used cameras to capture news as it happened
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Reformers aimed to improve public education
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In the latter decades of the 1800s, many states
passed laws requiring children from 8 to 14 to attend school for anywhere from 12 to 16
weeks every year
...
African-American
children—especially those in the South—suffered from a lack of schooling
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Kindergartens grew from 200 in 1880 to 3,000 in 1900
...
The high-school curriculum expanded to
include courses preparing students for industrial and office jobs
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Some immigrants hoped the schools would “Americanize”
their children
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Just over two percent of young people attended college in 1900
...
Still, the last two decades of the 1800s saw a tremendous growth
in the number of colleges
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Some colleges were established to offer higher education for African Americans
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In 1895, W
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B
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D
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At the dawn of the 20th century, millions were getting an education, although racial
discrimination remained a thorn in the flesh of American society
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By 1900, southern states restricted African Americans’ right to vote, weakening their
political power
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Another put a tax on voting
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All these laws were
passed specifically to take away blacks’ right to vote
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The southern states also passed Jim Crow laws that segregated whites and blacks into
separate facilities
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Racial etiquette—customs—restricted the rights of African Americans even when laws
did not
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Washington argued that blacks should not insist on full
equality—which whites, he felt, would resist—but work for economic security
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African Americans
in the North faced discrimination as well
...
The
railroads hired them to build new lines but paid little
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The Chinese population in the West grew until 1880, and white workers felt threatened
by competition from Chinese workers
...
It prohibited further immigration from China
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Shorter work weeks meant more leisure time, and Americans found new ways to use that
time
...
Cycling and tennis became
popular sports as well
...
Boxing and baseball became two popular spectator sports
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Other advances fostered mass entertainment, including new media technology, such as
motion pictures, and improved mass-production printing techniques
...
By 1900, at least one art gallery graced every large American city
...
To increase sales, publishers often
presented the news in sensational style
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Another change was in the sale of goods
...
Huge department stores arose
that offered consumers a wide range of goods to purchase
...
To persuade
consumers to buy these goods, retailers and manufacturers spent large amounts of money
on advertising
...
They were
helped by the U
...
Post Office, which began delivering packages to rural people in 1896

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