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INTRODUCTION :PARKINSON IS SECOND MOST COMMON NEURODEGENERATIVE
DISORDER AND THE MOST COMMON MOVEMENT DISORDER
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PREMATURE DEATH IS USUALLY DUE
TO COMPLICATIONS SUCH AS FALLING RELATED INJURY OR PNEUMONIA
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ANXIETY, INSECURITY, STRESS
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CONSTIPATION, DEPRESSION, MALE ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
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 PARKINSONISM – BROADER TERM BUT COULD
BE DIFFERENT AETIOLOGY FROM PARKINSON’S DISEASE
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 IT IS A BASAL – GANGLIA DISORDER
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CEREBELLAR OUTPUT IS EXCITATORY, BASAL GANGLIA IS
INHIBITORY
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DISRUPTION OF SIGNALS TO MOTOR CORTEX VIA THALAMUS
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IN PARKINSON DISEASE, DECREASED STRAITAL OUTPUT FROM
BASAL GANGLIA WHICH SUPPRESS MOVEMENT
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A LOSS OF PIGMENTED DOPAMINERGIC
NEURONS IN SUBSTANTIA NIGRA APPROX 60-80%
ARE LOST BEFORE MOTOR SIGNS EMERGE
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PATHOLOGY ASCENDS UP TO THE BRAIN STEM
TO INVOLVE MID – BRAIN & NIGRO – STRAITAL
DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS
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PATHOLOGY CONTINUES TO ASCEND LATE IN
DISEASE TO AFFECT THE CORTEX
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LEWY BODY PATHOLOGY IN PARKINSON BEGINS
IN THE OLFACTORY BULB & LOWER BRAINSTEM
ASSOCIATED WITH PREMOTOR SYMPTOMS SUCH AS
LOSS OF SENSE OF SMELL, RAPID EYE MOVEMENT,
SLEEP BEHAVIOUR DISORDER
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SHUFFLING GAIT IS CHARACTERIZED
BY SHORT STEPS, WITH FEET BARELY
LEAVING THE GROUND, SMALL
OBSTACLES TEND TO CAUSE THE PATIENT
TO TRIP
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DECREASED ARM SWING
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CAMPTOCORMIA:STOOPED,
FORWARD – FLEXED POSTURE
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PATIENT BLINK IN RESPONSE TO THE FIRST SEVERAL TIPS, THIS IS KNOWN AS MYERSON’S SIGN
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EXAMPLE :- micrographia

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR PARKINSON DISEASE
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THE BRAIN CHANGES THAT CREATE NEURODEGENERATIVE
DISEASE SUCH AS PARKINSON ARE MICROSCOPIC ON A CHEMICAL
LEVEL
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e
T - TREMORS
R - RIGIDITY
A – AKINESIA/PAUCITY OF MOVEMENT
P – POSTURAL INSTABILITY
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OVERCOME PARKINSON DISEASE WITH EXERCISES :-

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GAIT HYPOKINESIA, CHARACTERISED BY SLOWNESS OF MOVEMENT IS ONE OF
THE PRIMARY MOVEMENT DISORDERS, TREADMILL TRAINING IS TYPE OF
FACILITATING EXERCISE
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EXERCISES WHICH HELPS TO REDUCE RIGIDITY :STAND ON YOUR FEET WITH WIDE BASE OF SUPPORT TO
PREVENT THE FALLING TENDENCY
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IN
SECOND STEP MAKE TRUNK ROTATION & BEND DOWN WHILE
EXHALING
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IMPROVES CO – ORDINATION
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VIBRATION EXERCISES :THESE EXERCISES ARE DONE ON VIBRATOR PLATE MACHINE, AND
ARE USEFUL FOR REDUCING STIFFNESS OF THE JOINTS
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SOME OF USEFUL EXERCISES IN PARKINSON DISEASE :THESE EXERCISES CAN BE DONE ON A BED
OR ON THE FLOOR
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NOW WE PROCCED TO PART II WHICH
FOCUSES ON ARM MOVEMENTS TO HELP
RELEASE SHOULDER GIRDLE
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IT IS A SURGICAL PROCCEDURE, IT’S GOAL IS TO RESTORE
THE BALANCE OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY WITHIN BRAIN, TO OFFSET
THE PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF CELLS CAUSED BY PARKINSON
DISEASE

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