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Atomic structure and isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses
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The
outer electrons are involved in chemical reactions
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Physical properties depend on the mass of an atom
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Sub-atomic particle
Proton
Neutron
Electron

Relative mass
1
1
1/2000

Relative charge
+1
0
-1

Position within the atom
Nucleus
Nucleus
Shell

Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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All atoms of a specific element have the same number of protons and electrons giving them a neutral charge overall
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Relative mass
Carbon-12 is used as the standard measurement of relative masses
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The relative isotopic mass neglects the tiny contribution the electrons make to the mass of an atom and have taken the
masses of both a proton and a neutron as 1
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It is the same as the mass number
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The relative atomic mass depends on the percentage abundance of the isotope and the relative mass of the isotope
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Mass spectrometry is used in determining the relative isotopic masses and relative abundances of the isotope
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Relative molecular mass is used in terms of simple molecules
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th

Relative formula mass is the weighted mean mass of a formula unit compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of
carbon-12
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