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Title: Immunology Lecture Notes
Description: An introduction to infection and immunity. Covers broadly the physical and chemical barriers preventing infections and also the key players in the innate and adaptive immune responses. Lecture given as part of the IMMN2001 course at University College London by Professor Peter Delves.
Description: An introduction to infection and immunity. Covers broadly the physical and chemical barriers preventing infections and also the key players in the innate and adaptive immune responses. Lecture given as part of the IMMN2001 course at University College London by Professor Peter Delves.
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L1: Infection and Immunity
The immune system is a system in which cells and molecules work together in
a coordinated way to eliminate pathogenic organisms
...
Very much smaller are the
mycoplasmas, which although not formally classified as bacteria (they
lack a cell wall), are able to replicate outside mammalian cells
...
• The smallest are the viruses, which can only replicate within cells
...
The skin is constantly lubricated by sweat and sebum
...
The low pH of the skin surface, which is
in part determined by the lactic acid and free fatty acids, also provides
a poor environment for many pathogenic organisms
...
It is secreted
by the membranes lining the inner surfaces of the body and prevents
adhesion of infectious agents to epithelial cells
...
• In addition, the flushing action of tears, saliva and urine also provide
protection
...
Tears also contain large amounts of lysozyme,
which digests the cell wall of bacteria, especially gram-positive
bacteria
...
• Microbial antagonism – commensal bacteria are the normal bacterial
flora of the body; they are adapted to life on various parts of the human
body and prevent colonization by pathogens by filling up available
space and utilising attachment sites and available nutrients
...
coli
...
The use of antibiotics is often a disadvantage in this
circumstance because antibiotics are unable to differentiate between
commensal and pathogenic microbes; if commensal microbes are
disturbed, the body is more susceptible to opportunistic infections
...
Innate immune response
The cells of the innate immune response are the phagocytic neutrophils,
monocytes and macrophages
...
• Phagocytic cells engulf and destroy microorganisms in a similar way
that amoeba feeds, but for different intentions
...
g
...
Adaptive immune response
Cells known as lymphocytes mediate the adaptive immune response
...
Lymphocytes look
very much like NK cells such that they are mostly nucleus and little is
cytoplasm
...
e
...
Lineage of Immune system cells
The exact pathways of differentiation in vivo are still rather a matter of debate
Title: Immunology Lecture Notes
Description: An introduction to infection and immunity. Covers broadly the physical and chemical barriers preventing infections and also the key players in the innate and adaptive immune responses. Lecture given as part of the IMMN2001 course at University College London by Professor Peter Delves.
Description: An introduction to infection and immunity. Covers broadly the physical and chemical barriers preventing infections and also the key players in the innate and adaptive immune responses. Lecture given as part of the IMMN2001 course at University College London by Professor Peter Delves.