Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
KasdiMerbah University - Ouargla

Faculty of Letters and Languages
Department of Letters and English Language

Webpage: www
...
google
...
One of the most popular works was the Iliad ,that describes the story of The Trojan
War, an epic poem of the Greek poet Homer ,that has been translated by numerous writers using different
techniques and methods
...
Many typical features of the Greek spirit are
imprinted on the myth - a tendency towards competition, the affirmation of life, the worship of beauty, and the
interest of the Greeks in man as man, leading to the creation of an idealized picture of him, which served to
promote rules of life of general authority
...
It is, however, only ancient Greek mythology which, thanks to its quality, has
transcended every geographical and chronological frontier and has become a possession of the human spirit as
a whole
...
This epic poem had been translated into multiple languages by different
poets using varied methods and techniques, and the aim of this study is to see how did they manage to
translate it both in English and Arabic
...

(Research Questions)
1- What is the myth, its characteristics and its specific features ?
2- What is the Greek Mythology and what are the most popular Greek myths ?
3- Who is Homer and what was the story of the Iliad?
4- How was the beginning of translating Homer across Europe during the sixteenth century ?
5- What are the techniques of translating Homer into English Language ?
6- How did Suleiman El-Boustani mastered in the Arabization of The Iliad ?
7- What techniques did El-Boustani used in his translation of the Iliad ?
(Paper plan/Outline)
1- The Myth
...
Definition of The Myth and it's Characteristics
2-The Specific Features of Myths
...
Purpose

...
Plot and Structure

...
Style

3-Greek Mythology
...
Definition of the Greek Myth
4-Popular Greek Myths
...
Names of Famous Greek Myths
5-TheTrojan War
...
Biography of Homer

...


...
Stylistic Features

...
The Appearance of Translating Homer's Work Across Europe
...


...

9-Arabization and Translation
...
The translation of The Iliad by Suleiman El-Boustani
...


...

BODY (Say it)
A traditional or legendary story, usually concerning the early history of people , some being , hero or
event, with or without a determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, especially one that is concerned
with deities or demigods and explains some practice, rite, or phenomenon of nature
...
Most cultures used myths, handed down orally from
generation to generation from an anonymous source, to explain the world and its mysteries, so mythology
from different regions usually reflects the wonders that people saw around them in their own environment
...
There are many similarities between the myths of different cultures (Why the
Crow is Black: Aboriginal Australian, Sioux and Dakota, Filipino and ancient Greek)
...
There is evidence that the content of some myths is based on real events
and places that may have existed
...
For example, Norse and Greek myths narrate what the gods did and how
they interacted with humans
...
The
social and religious status of myths varies from culture to culture but for some they continue to be sacred
texts
...

Like other traditional stories, myths use quests, journeys and trials as themes
...

Plot and structure

The plot of a myth usually includes incredible or miraculous events, where characters behave in
superhuman ways using unusual powers or with the help of superhuman beings
...
They provide a very useful contrast with shorter forms of traditional narrative such as
fables
...
The most
-2-

notable character types in this sub-class are classic heroes and supernatural beings
...

Style

Rich, evocative vocabulary and use of imagery are typical but style is often more literary than other types
of tales so that some versions offer a more challenging read for children
...
They tend to make less use of dialogue and repetition than some other types
of traditional story
...
Myths also
provide good examples of the use of symbols
...
The labyrinth itself could represent the confusion in his own life – he doesn’t
know ‘which way to turn’ to solve his problems
...

Greek mythology:
It is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning the origins and
significance of their own cult and ritual practices
...
it is
explicitly embodied in a large collection of narratives, and implicitly in Greek representational arts, such as
vase-paintings and votive gifts
...
These
accounts initially were disseminated in an oral-poetic tradition; today the Greek myths are known primarily
from Greek literature
...

The Trojan War:
One of the popular Greek Myth all over the world , it was written by the Blind Bard Homer in his
masterpiece The Iliad
...
He was the son of Epikaste and
Telemachus
...
C
...
Even if
these details about Homer are available, not much is known about him
...
Some say he was born on the island of Chios while argue that he existed in Ionia
...

The story of The Iliad was a war between the Greeks and the people of Troy
...
When Menelaus demanded her return, the
Trojans refused
...
For nine
years the Greeks ravaged Troy's surrounding cities and countryside, but the city itself, well fortified and
commanded by Hector and other sons of the royal household, held out
...
The other Greeks appeared to sail for home,
leaving behind only the horse and Sinon, who deceitfully persuaded the Trojans, despite the warnings of
Cassandra and Laocoön, to take the horse within the city walls
...

The Analysis of The Iliad:
Themes : Anger, Strife, Alienation, and Reconciliation
Stylistic Features: The Iliad Symbolism, Imagery & Allegory
-3-

Genre: Epic Poetry, Tragedy, War Drama
Translating Homer:
Vernacular translations of the Iliad and the Odyssey began to appear across Europe during the sixteenth
century (Modern Greek, French, German, Spanish, Dutch, and Italian from the 1520s to the 1570s; English,
1581), often accompanied by vigorous debates about the theory and practice of translation
...

The Techniques of Translating Homer into English :
Translators into English verse have an additional challenge: the archaic Greek meter (dactylic
hexameter, or lines of six feet, each foot is made up of three syllables, usually one long and two short)
requires paraphrasing or inventing words, or filling out lines, to make the meter conform
...
George Chapman, who produced the first translations of Homer into
English verse and was determined to present him as a poet, used "rhyming fourteeners" that required
substantial paraphrase
...

Arabization & Translation :
The release of Homer's epic poem The Iliad in its first Arabic edition in 1904 was a major event
...

The translator of this edition was the Lebanese poet Suleiman El-Boustani
...
The word Arabization that
El-Boustani used do not differ in its meaning from the word translation that we use now days
...
El-Boustani
did not imagine that his effort based only upon the simple transfer, but he saw the significance of Arabization
do not complete only with the translating the meaning of poetic rhyme in ancient Greek to meaning of poetic
rhyme in Arabic, and he included to that the necessity of explanation , because he was aware that if he would
present it to the Arabic reader bare of explanation, they would consider it nothing more than a poetry template
with nothing interesting, just like what they already have from poetic divans
...
He learnt Ancient Greek so he can go deep in the original meaning, because
Suleiman El-Boustani did not translate the Iliad from another foreign language, though he read about the
English and the French translation
...
That is how his attempt becomes
unique in choosing and using
...

The Iliad was full of meanings, narration, similarity, richness and smoothness, that's why the varied meters
was a good container to the different meanings and El-Boustani mastered in choosing and using
...
Many were
adaptations of stories that the Greeks gleaned from other cultures
...
C
...
It was
also through oral storytelling that myths and legends traveled from one part of Greece to the next, as well as to
other parts of the world
...
C
...

One of the great Greek poets was The Blind Bard Homer whom his name was always followed my his
two wonderful masterpiece the Odyssey and The Iliad
...
the war
ended by the win of the Greek after they built a large hollow wooden horse in which a small group of
warriors were concealed
...
The Trojans took the horse
within the city walls
...

This amazing poem was translated into numerous languages , a lot of poets had the courage to translate
it, despite all the challenges that they faced
...
and it was
not much easier to the translators of the Arabic version
...
El-boustani learnt the Ancient Greek only because he felt
the need to keep the origin of the Iliad to be faithful to it , so he did not shortened neither abbreviated nor
deleted , he also used & choose a multiple meters in his translation, so that he can keep the same soul of the
original Iliad
...


-5-

Notes and References
http://al-hakawati
...
asp 14:06 28/03/2014
http://ancienthistory
...
com/cs/grecoromanmyth1/a/mythslegends
...
ancientgreece
...
shmoop
...
html
http://www
...
org/issue_july05/books_and_readings1
...
cliffsnotes
...
shmoop
...
html



---