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Roya Siddiqi
Unit 2-‐ Principles of Health and Social Care Practice
LO2-‐2
...
Firstly, one of the legislation that has been implemented in a care setting such as a care home is the
Equality Act 2010
...
Therefore,
this act prevents people who discriminate people against their age, being a transsexual person,
being married, having a disability, race or religion
...
For
example, in a care home if there is a patient who is disabled it does not mean that they should be
treated any differently as they have the same rights as other patients due to the Equality Act 2010
...
(Cuthbert, Quallington, pg 25, 2008
...
This means that
if anyone that has a disability it is not an excuse to be treated any differently because equality plays
a big role in people’s lives as it means that everyone is the same and they must be treated the same
...
In addition, for example, in care home women are always given smaller portions of food than men
because they believe that men have bigger appetites
...
Therefore, as the Equality Act 2010 was implemented the direct discrimination was stopped to
ensure that both men and women are given equal portions of food
...
As a result, the Equality Act 2010 has an impact on practice by making it fairer as patients are all
treated similarly and fairly and this makes them feel equal which means that they will not be afraid
of being discriminated and treated any differently due to their age, gender, race or disability
...
Furthermore, one of the codes of practice that NMC nursing and midwifery council has implemented
in a care setting is that nurses and midwives must not discriminate, this is implemented by making
sure that all patients are treated equally for example, not treating a mother who is 48 years old and
is diabetic any differently to a mother who is 25 years old and is healthy
...
Therefore, the
code of practice of not discriminating is implemented by giving full attention and care to all mothers
equally and sometimes giving extra care when in need
...
Also, “equality does not mean treating everyone the
same” (Cuthbert, Quallington, pg 25, 2008
...
This means that the mother
who is diabetic may be treated with extra care because they are in a more delicate phase than the
healthy mother therefore, equality also means that people who are in a different situation will have
different needs which means, that the diabetic mother will receive extra care and this does not
mean that the other mothers are being discriminated
...
One of the codes of conduct is to communicate in an
effective way to promote the health, safety and wellbeing of people who use health and care
services
...
Confidentiality “generally implies an element of trust to keep secrets that which is disclosed to a
person” (Cuthbert, Quallington, pg 89, 2008
...
This means that
confidentiality is important to maintain your patients trust so they can feel that they can trust you
without any hesitations and feel safe with the information they share with you
...
Also, the healthcare worker will ask questions to make the patient
feel that they are being engaged in the discussion and the healthcare worker will help them with
their condition
...
This allows patients to understand what
is going on in each step of their care plan, which means that they won’t feel confuse or worried
...
Roya Siddiqi
LO2-‐2
...
Firstly, one of the examples is a nursery which aims to keep children away from any risk, they make
sure that given information is shared only with people who protect the child, ensures that all staff is
trained to understand safeguarding policy and procedure and be able to identify signs of abuse such
as bullying, discriminatory behaviour, ensures that staff is updated with child protection procedures,
ensures parents know about child protection policies and ensures that the children are their number
one priority
...
Abuse of a child can be
done by family, other children and even by strangers
...
As a result, staffs make sure that suspicions of abuse
and disclosures has been recorded by taking the child’s name, address, date of birth, noting the
exact words of the child, noting the type of injury see and an conversation with the parent is noted
down
...
As these injuries are no usual childhood injuries it
means that action must taken place in order to protect the child
...
Lastly, if they have approved that abuse is happening to the child it means that further
action will be taken place by contacting the local authority and putting a stop to the abuse
...
lse
...
uk/intranet/LSEServices/nursery/regulations/Chil-‐Protection-‐and-‐Safeguarding-‐
policy
...
As a result, this policy and procedure comes from the Safeguarding policy act for children and young
people
...
Safeguarding is defined as protecting children from ill
treatment, preventing any harm and abuse towards them and ensuring that they have grown up in
an environment that is safe and secure
...
As a result, putting the Safeguarding policy and procedure in place within an
organisation it promotes the wellbeing of children, increases the confidence of trustee, staff,
volunteers, parents, carers and the public
...
gov
...
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Therefore, nurseries must promote the wellbeing of each child and help to prevent harm or abuse
because they must follow the Safeguarding policy, which is to promote health and wellbeing of each
individual
...
Furthermore, another example of a policy to protect children in a nursery is to get DBS check
...
Therefore, the policy of the nursery is to ensure that children are in safe and secure
surrounding
...
In addition, all stuff must be trained by attending courses of child protection and must have the
basic knowledge of child protection which is being able to follow the procedures of spotting signs of
abuse, recording and reporting concerns and then giving the sense of safe and secure environment
for the child in the nursery
...
http://www
...
ac
...
pdf (2014) (Accessed: 24 February 2015)
...
As a result, it is important to do a DBS check because it ensures that
the right person is being hired who will not cause any harm to the child therefore, this meet the
Safeguarding policy because as the children are in safe hands it means that each child’s wellbeing is
being promoted
...
The nursery is responsible to deliver a safe environment for the children and the
manager is responsible for the health and safety of the nursery environment
...
Hygiene related to body fluid is taken care particularly and all staff is mindful about how the
infection can spread
...
Also, staff must try to prevent as many accidents, injuries as possible and must limit as
many hazards to make sure children are in a safe environment
...
Therefore, the policy of health and safety comes from the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 which
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aims to protect the health, safety and welfare of people at work, to protect everyone at the work
from risk to health or safety and to control the usage of substances that can be dangerous and
flammable
...
Furthermore, there are duties the employees must follow such as following the health and safety act
to protect themselves and their colleagues also; the workers must obey the duty that they have
been asked to perform and must not misuse anything that can affect the health and safety of the
working environment
...
inbrief
...
uk/employees/health-‐and-‐safety-‐at-‐work-‐act
...
As a result, this means that the health and safety act must be applied to the nursery to ensure
that the staff and the children are in an environment that is free from any harm and that is safe
...
, there are many producers to followed to ensure children are safe such as not using not leaving
sharp substances or toys around the nursery that cause a cut to a child, making sure children hands
are washed before they eat to prevent any infections and there must be a staff who is a first aid
trainer that can help a child who had an accident
...
3
In this report it will evaluate the impact of legislations and codes of practise on organisation policy
and practise
...
This act legally protects people from being discriminated in an organisation therefore, it
prevents people being discriminated due to their age, being a transsexual person, being married,
having a disability, race or religion
...
As a result, this act protects many people from feeling negative about themselves as they may think
that they are not worthy of working in an environment that has educated people with a first degree,
or if the person has a disability they may think they will not be accepted in a workplace due to their
disability that may cause limitations in their work such as not being able to do practical work
...
On the other hand, however there are some disadvantages of this act because there are some
people who do not follow this act and discriminate people due to their disability, race, age or
gender
...
Therefore,
for the organisation to meet the disabled person’s needs it will cost them a lot so they would avoid
hiring them
...
http://www
...
org/Publications/Standards/The-‐code/Make-‐the-‐care-‐of-‐people-‐your-‐first-‐concern-‐treating-‐
them-‐as-‐individuals-‐and-‐respecting-‐their-‐dignity/ (2014) (Accessed: 3 March 2015)
...
Also, following these codes of practise it helps to achieve a high standard quality care which means
patients will have a positive experience and their needs will be met
...
But, the disadvantages of this code of practise is that if it is not followed then nurses and midwives
will not deliver an effective service for their patience because for example, if the nurse or midwife
does not respect their patients privacy and does not maintain their dignity then the patient will feel
uncomfortable and not be able to communicate with the nurse or midwife in a way to voice their
problems and tell them what their needs are
...
LO3-‐3
...
Piaget was
very fascinated that children had given the incorrect answer to a question that needed
logical thinking
...
The purpose of the theory was to justify the process from an infant to a
child and then into an individual who then is able to think using hypotheses
...
Albert
Einstein called Piaget's discovery "so simple only a genius could have thought of it"
...
(2009) Jean Piaget
...
simplypsychology
...
html
(Accessed: 17 December 2014)
...
The stages focused on intelligence,
judgment, and thought
...
webmd
...
Piaget’s first stage of development is the Sensorimotor Stage, which is when infants develop
knowledge through sensory experiences and manipulating objects
...
The third stage is the
concrete operational stage when children are then able to think logically but they find
Roya Siddiqi
abstract and hypothetical theories difficult
...
McLeod, S
...
Available at:
http://www
...
org/piaget
...
Therefore,
looking at the different stages it conveys that development takes place in each stage such as
the basic development of logic and how it develops further through each stage
...
This means that they can then communicate effectively as they have a wider
knowledge and an increase in their logic
...
Therefore, when a child has new
experiences they develop more knowledge, which would add or change their old schemas
...
But, when they have a new experience and see a large
dog then the child would add or change their old schemas
...
Furthermore,
there is accommodation this is when there is a change in a child’s schemas due to new
experiences and improved knowledge and this brings a change to their schemas or even
create new ones
...
As a result
this helps us to understand how children can change one thought to another
...
about
...
htm (no date) (Accessed: 17
December 2014)
...
The model that she devised has five stages which are denial, anger, bargaining,
depression and acceptance therefore, this model aims to help manage people with not only
grief of loss but to manage less serious traumas than death such as crime and punishment,
disability, bankruptcy or relationship problems
...
There are people that cannot go further than this
stage because they deny dealing with a dramatic change and they want to just ignore it
...
Therefore, knowing this it will help a person to understand the
anger of someone who is upset and that person would not judge or keep distance from that
person because they will understand their reason of anger which can come from grief
...
Also, people who are facing less serious trauma
can bargain or compromise for example if a couple has ended their relationship they would
compromise by being friends only
...
The fourth stage is depression and grieving
...
Lastly, the last stage is acceptance which is an
indication that there is some emotional detachment and that it is the stage to embrace the
charge and let go of the
...
http://www
...
com/elisabeth_kubler_ross_five_stages_of_grief
...
Hans Selye was an endocrinologist, who was the first person to give a scientific explanation
for biological stress
...
(http://www
...
com/nursing_theory/Selye's_stress_theory
...
The model had stated the stages a human goes through when
going through stress, which are Alarm, Resistance and then Exhaustion and it explains that
the hypothalamic-‐pituitary-‐adrenal axis (HPA axis) system is the way the body copes with
stress
...
(http://www
...
com/nursing_theory/Selye's_stress_theory
...
Then
the body reacts with fight or flight response and then the nervous system
...
For example, if someone’s house is on fire, their body is on to the alarm stage, as they’re
stress hormones starts to release and then when they lift a very heavy appliance outside the
burning house
...
(https://explorable
...
Roya Siddiqi
The second stage is Resistance and in this stage the Parasympathetic nervous system
releases many physiological functions to bring the body in to its normal level so the body
can mainly work against the stressor
...
Then the heart rate and breathing starts to increase
...
Also, at this stage, the stress has
been continuous for a long time so the body starts to lose its ability to fight the stressors
and reduce their harmful impact
...
http://www
...
com/nursing_theory/Selye's_stress_theory
...
LO3-‐3
...
For
example, it conveys in one of my case studies, which is about Adil who was excluded from
school when in was in year 9
...
Therefore, due to his exclusion he did
not achieve any qualifications so as Adil left school and tried to get a job he found it
extremely difficult without any qualifications
...
Also, as he is unemployed he is not receiving any
income, which can lead to him feeling isolated and helpless which means due to lack of
education and employment it has lead Adil in to marginalisation which is “the process where
something or someone is pushed to the edge of a group and accorded lesser importance”
...
http://www
...
com/definition/marginalization
...
Also, he will be labelled of being excluded which will follow him his whole life and will affect
him as he has fallen in to the label and now he has been trapped in this poverty cycle of lack
of education, no qualifications, no job and then poverty
...
Therefore, it means that as Adil does not have
any qualifications it has excluded him from the group of people who are successful and have
a job so it will affect him a lot as has to work even harder to get a job and get himself an
income so he can provide for himself and come out of the poverty cycle
...
macmillandictionary
...
In order for Adil to help himself he can use services such as a support group who will
encourage him to work harder and will support him in order for him to reach his goal such
as going back to school or college and getting a qualification in order to be employed and
come out the poverty cycle
...
In addition, another case study is about Nora who has lost her job and is struggling to pay
her bills
...
Losing her job has affected Nora because she is not able to pay her bills such
electricity or water and if she doesn’t find a job soon she may not be able to pay her rent,
which can lead to her being homeless
...
This is because as she has not told
anyone about her situation it means that she is not getting any support as she is not
getting any income she not able to help herself from the bills that she
needs to pay
...
macmillandictionary
...
Also, she is excluded because as she has no job it means she has no income, which means
that she won’t be able to have money to pay her bills and then pay for food, which could
lead to affecting her health physically and mentally, and finally she may feel isolated and as
she has no one to support her in her situation
...
http://www
...
com/dictionary/british/isolation (2014)
(Accessed: 23 March 2015)
...
So, she can go to the job
Roya Siddiqi
center where she can find a job the she is interested in or she can do further studies by
going to university and getting a degree so she can get a higher qualification and then a
better job which will lead her to a brighter future as she gets a better pay and a career that
interests her
...
3
Inter professional working is when professionals “work collaboratively to provide the
highest standard of care and encourages practitioners to understand the roles of other
professionals and to learn from each other, as well as from service users and carers”
(http://www
...
com/page/detail/interprofessional-‐working-‐in-‐health-‐and-‐social-‐care-‐
judith-‐thomas/?isb=9780230393431, no date)
...
Having an effective healthcare requires co-‐ordinate and mutual efforts from individuals
from various disciplines and a system of delivery (Wagner, 2004)
...
Teamwork can assist in the development and promotion of
interprofessional communication (Opie, 1997)
...
So working in a team you can get different ideas from different professionals
and you can bring those ideas together to come up with the best solution for the patient
...
Therefore, the view and opinion of one professional could be disagreed by another
professional, which could cause conflict and then delays the service
...
Research suggests that students rated their communication and teamwork skills positively,
and were favourably inclined towards interprofessional learning, but held negative opinions
about interprofessional interaction (Pollard et al
...
This means that in order to have a successful interprofessional working communication and
teamwork is a must in order for every professional to understand the aim of their job and
how and when it needs to be done
...
But, as there maybe lack if communication and team work it results to a breakdown
in the interprofessional working and it becomes unsuccessful
...
faculty
...
ac
...
One of the interprofessional working is for example, in a care home there is a patient who is
difficult to handle and wants to be discharged as soon as possible and in order to release
him all the care professionals must give him a lot of physio, he needs OT input and as he has
expressive dysphagia it means he has to communicate from speech and language
...
As a result, the patient has had a positive experience, which
conveys the importance of interprofessional working as it ensures that the patient is
discharged from the care home safely and successfully as physiotherapy, occupational
therapy, speech and language therapy and nursing was available to the patient and as all
the different professionals were working together it had improved the health of the patient
...
As a result, interprofessional working can have a negative
impact on the patient and the professionals because as the patient has to see different
professionals it can upset them about their condition because they may feel that their
condition is very serious and it could depress and distress them about their condition
...
The
lung cancer specialist orders oxygen for the patient so there is one available at home in case
of emergencies
...
But, the disadvantage of interprofessional working is that working with many professionals
can confuse the patient about there condition and cause issues such as not being aware of
Roya Siddiqi
what treatment is being done when and why therefore, it could waste a lot of time if
appointments are missed which will then cause a delay in the treatment
...
faculty
...
ac
...
LO4-‐4
...
Firstly, when the children arrive to the nursery the teachers and I sit them down in a circle
and have circle time which is when the children have to greet each other and then they sing
some nursery rhymes just to start of the day and get all the children engaged
...
Therefore, firstly I try to convince them to come to the circle time by
taking a toy with me in the circle and sitting them down next to me so they can play with
the toy and take part in the circle time but, sometimes some children just run around and
does not want to take part in the circle time at all so I must keep an eye on them and play
with them
...
Therefore, my responsibility is for example when they are cooking
something such as pizza and they want to have picnic I have to ask them question such as
what vegetables are there in your pizza and they would reply tomato, onion, peppers and
other vegetable so this way it helps to widen their knowledge as they tell me what
vegetables they put in the pizza
...
Then, after they have played around it is then their snack time where they eat any fruits
that they have brought with them from home
...
My duty is to
make sure that they children eat their fruit only and not their lunch for example, there is
one child who always has her apple juice and leaves her fruits so before she takes her bag I
must take her apple juice away from her before she sees it so this way she can eat her fruits
and not be aware of the apple juice
...
LO4-‐4
...
Firstly, one of the policies is equality and diversity so this policy provides a secure
environment in which all children’s contributions are valued, they provide positive non-‐
stereotyping information about different ethnic groups and people with disabilities
...
Also, I treat
every child equally and I make sure I do not favour one more than the other so it prevents
favouritism which could upset one child as they would feel that they are not likeable like the
other children
...
Then, if this incident gets repeated with another child I
use the same method so the other child does not feel that they are being treated differently
to the other child
...
Also, as wide ranges of festivals are celebrated it
helps other children to learn about other ethnicities and their culture and it prevents
discrimination in the future, which is an advantage because children will learn to respect
other cultures and not treat others with different ethnicity differently
...
This
means that they won’t be able to contribute to the activities that go on in the nursery,
which means that they won’t be able to widen their knowledge and learn new things each
day
...
littlestarsnursery-‐
london
...
uk/nurseries/541/docs/LITTLE%20STARS_Equality%20and%20Diversity
...
Also, as most of the staff is first
aid trained it means that in case of any accidents there is a staff that will be able to take
good care of the child and the parents are always informed
...
My
contribution to this policy is that I make sure that I am aware of all the hazards around the
nursery so I make sure that no child is left alone because it could cause harm to them, I
educated myself on what the procedure there is when I need to protect a child by reading
their policy and procedure book
...
Therefore, the advantages of my contribution is that I make sure that children are protected
from anything in the nursery which means that it creates a safe environment for them and
their parents can feel in ease when they leave their child because they trust the teachers
and me because we are working for the best interest of their child
...
On the other hand, however the disadvantages of not contributing to the policy is for
example, if hazards are not limited in the nursery it means that the children are at more risk
of being injured from something that may have a sharp edge or something could fall on to
the child and cause a serious injury which means that the nursery could get a bad reputation
and the parents may not trust the nursery anymore and then one day other parents would
not want to send their children to this nursery and lastly the nursery could even be sued and
then closed down
...
gov
...
scie
...
uk/publications/ataglance/ataglance41
...
nmc-‐uk
...
8/01/2015
http://www
...
ac
...
https://www
...
uk/government/publications/safeguarding-‐children-‐and-‐young-‐
people/safeguarding-‐children-‐and-‐young-‐people
http://www
...
ac
...
aspx
https://www
...
uk/government/publications/safeguarding-‐children-‐and-‐young-‐
people/safeguarding-‐children-‐and-‐young-‐people (2014) (Accessed: 2 March 2015)
...
simplypsychology
...
html (Accessed: 17 December 2014)
...
webmd
...
simplypsychology
...
html (Accessed: 17 December 2014)
http://psychology
...
com/od/piagetstheory/a/keyconcepts
...
http://www
...
com/elisabeth_kubler_ross_five_stages_of_grief
...
businessdictionary
...
html (no date)(Accessed: 23 March
2015)
http://www
...
com/dictionary/british/isolation (2014) (Accessed: 23
March 2015)
http://www
...
com/nursing_theory/Selye's_stress_theory
...
faculty
...
ac
...
http://www
...
co
...
Reference List
(Cuthbert, Quallington, pg 25, 2008
...
Values for Care Practice
http://www
...
org/piaget
...
http://www
...
com/children/piaget-‐stages-‐of-‐development (Accessed: 17 December
Available at: http://www
...
org/piaget
...
about
...
htm (no date) (Accessed: 17
December 2014)
...
businessballs
...
htm (no date) (Accessed:
10 March 2015)
http://www
...
com/definition/marginalization
...
macmillandictionary
...
currentnursing
...
html (2013)
(Accessed: 1 April 2015)
Selye H
...
edn
...
Selye H
...
Reading, MA: Butterworth, 1976
...
[Edrs]
...
10th edition
...
https://explorable
...
faculty
...
ac
...
littlestarsnursery-‐
london
...
uk/nurseries/541/docs/LITTLE%20STARS_Equality%20and%20Diversity