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MEDICAL TERMS OFTEN CONFUSED
acinic, actinic
acinus, a sinus
anisakiasis, anisokaryosis
aptotic, apoptotic
arboreal, aboriginal
arteritis, arthritis
auxilliary, axillary
bilingual, by lingual
brachial, branchial
callous, callus
causality, casualty
chlorpropamide, chlorpromazine
cingula, singular
chondroid, chordoid
chondroma, chordoma
chorionic, chronic
coitus, colitis
colic, colonic
colitis, coitus
costal, coastal
cryptogam, cryptogram
cygnet, signet
decease, disease
deceased, desist
dioecious, deciduous
diploic, diploid
disc, disk
disease, decease
diseased, deceased
disk, disc
dyskaryosis, dyskeratosis
dysphasia, dysphagia
ectatic, ecstatic
endochondral, enchondral (these are synonyms)
exxon, exon
facial, fascial
facies, faeces
fetal, fatal
firearm, forearm
foreword, forward
hallux, helicis
helicis, hallux
herpetic, herpangina
hydatid, hydatidiform
ileitis, iliitis
ileum, ilium
intermittant, intermittent
isotope, isotrope
isotrope, isotope
kerasin, keratin
kerasin, kerosene

MEDICAL TERMS OFTEN CONFUSED
keratinic, keratotic
keratinic, actinic
keratinocytic, keratinolytic
keratosis, ketosis
lipoma, lymphoma
malleolus, malleus
metachronous, metacrinus
milia, milium
mitotic, meiotic
mitosis, meiosis
miotic, mitotic
miotic, meiotic
myiasis, meiosis
metacrinus, metachronous
monogenic, monogenetic, and Monogenetic (related to flatworms of class Monogenea)
myosis, meiosis
mucous, mucus
myelofibrosis, myofibrosis
myofibroma, myelofibroma
neuroplastic, neoplastic
oncology, ontology
ontogeny, ontology
organic, organoid
paleodontology, paleontology
palette, palate
palatal, palatial
palpation, palpitation
palpitation, palpation
panel, penal
panel, penile
parental, parenteral
pathogen, parthenogen
pathogenesis, parthenogenesis
penal, penile
penicillamine, penicillin
perineal, peroneal
pleiotropic, pleiotypic
plural, pleural
porphyria, porphyruria
proptosis, ptosis
prostrate, prostate
protuberant, protruberant (the second term is simply a common misspelling)
quinine, quinidine
rachischisis, rachitis
rachischitic, rachitic
radial, radical
relics, relicts
reticle, reticule
rett, ret
rosacea, rosea
semantic, somatic
silicon, silicone
singleton, singultus

MEDICAL TERMS OFTEN CONFUSED
sinusitis, synositis
somatic, semantic
sonography, stenography
takoma, trachoma
taenia, tinea
thecoma, thekeoma
torsion, distortion
trichina, trichura
trichina, trachoma
trachoma, trachea
trichinosis, trichuriasis
trichinosis, trichosis
troglobite, troglodyte, trilobite
urethral, ureteral
vagitis, vaginitis

MEDICAL TERMS OFTEN CONFUSED
Sound Alike Medical Words
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abduct, v
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, to draw away from a position parallel to the median axis
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adduct, v
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, to draw toward a position near or parallel to the median axis
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, wandering or deviating from the normal; abnormal
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, visible, obvious, evident
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, a circumscribed, localized collection of pus, caused by infection, and by decomposition of tissue
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, refers to aphthae (singular “aphtha”), small ulcers of the oral mucosa
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We cannot have any more of these episodes
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We will not see him anymore
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Example: Is there any way I can go to town
today?

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anyway — In any case
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She was not taking the pills anyway
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Ace, a brand name for bandages, wraps, and other OTC medical supplies
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); a supreme achiever (such as a flying ace)
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, admittance; “access to
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, a real or imaginary straight line going through a structure around which it revolves, or would turn if it
could revolve
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, the degree or state of surplus, or beyond the usual, as in “There was excess peritoneal fluid
present
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, a recommendation or counsel
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, to give advice or counsel
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If you can substitute the word
“influence” – use affect, e
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affect the outcome, (except for the psych meaning of general attitude; facial
affect, etc
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effect – result or cause – Can be a noun or a verb (result or cause)
...
e
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, effect of a drug, effective medication, effect a change, etc
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antagonist – a substance that inhibits or counteracts the action of another
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“Let’s do it all together
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, completely
...
” Can also mean in the nude
...
”

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allusion, n
...

elusion, n
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illusion, n
...

allude, vt
...
“She alluded to her mother’s history
...
t
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“The diagnosis eludes us
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(We are all ready now, i
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, all of us are ready
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, wholly ready; refers to time
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– He had already left
...
, 1
...
2
...
) 3
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adv
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Beyond doubt; certainly (She has pneumonia, all right
...

WELL ENOUGH (He does all right in school
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The meanings are the same as for ALL RIGHT, and the
two-word version is more generally accepted and preferred
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, A condition of inability to urinate
...

enuresis, n
...

any more – adj
...
) Is it possible to use this sentence
without the word “any”? If so, use the two-word version
...


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anymore – adv
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) This one-word version does not indicate quantity,
but indicates TIME
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+noun {two words} (We do not have any time for her
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anytime – adv
...
(We will see her anytime
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apophysis, n
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epiphysis, n
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hypophysis, n
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hypothesis, n
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appose, v
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“I apposed the wound with 2-0 silk
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, to be on the opposite side of an argument/debate
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”
apposition, n
...
”

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opposition, n
...
“Thumb and index finger in opposition
...
, to make sure of
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ensure, vt
...
Syn: assure
...
” Also, a brand name of a
dietary supplement when capitalized
...
To guarantee protection; used mostly in a monetary sense
...
, to reach as an end, to achieve, to get to a certain goal or position
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, to gain, to possess, usually by planned effort
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, pertaining to the ear or sense of hearing
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auricle, n
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oracle, n
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bare, naked, nude, denuded
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bear – 1
...
2
...

Bair hugger – a plastic warming blanket
...

basal – pertaining to the base
...

Beaver – blade; knife; keratome; a trade name
...


MEDICAL TERMS OFTEN CONFUSED
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Beevor – a medical sign
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Deaver – trade name for a retractor
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, the expiration of air; the faculty of breathing
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, to pause and rest before continuing
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born, adj
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borne, part of verb to bear
...
g
...

cabbage, n
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CABG, (pronounced “cabbage”) – an acronym for coronary artery bypass graft
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cane, n
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(2) a type of plant
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, hard; like callus
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, AKA callosity, localized hyperplasia of the horny layer of epidermis due to pressure or friction
...
, the yellow or red coloring found in egg yolk, carrots, etc
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, a nitrogenous substance found the muscles, brain, and blood of vertebrates
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, found in muscle and blood, excreted in the urine
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, a highly insoluble protein
(scleroprotein) in epidermis, hair, nails, and part of the teeth
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, having a tail, such as sperm cells, caudate lobe, etc
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, having a notochord (in fetus)
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cat – a furry animal of the feline family
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checkup, see followup
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, a musical phrase; a Latin form of cord
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, a rope or rope-like structure or sinew, vocal cords, etc
...
t
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To relate an
incident; “she cited the history in a quiet manner
...
, (Oph) vision; what your eyes have
...
, a place or position, as “The site of the abscess was noted
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colostrum, n
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circumduction, the rotational movement, active or passive, of an eye or of an extremity
...
Unless the dictation is
quite specific, it is often difficult to tell this from circumduction
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coarse, adj
...

course, n
...

complement, n
...
or makes perfect, as “The baby has a full complement of
fingers and toes
...


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compliment, n
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respect, or admiration
...

cor, n
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core, n
...
t
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corps (pronounced “core”), n
...


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council, n
...

counsel, vt
...
, n
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MEDICAL TERMS OFTEN CONFUSED
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cystitome (Oph) – an instrument used to open the capsule of the lens of the eye
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cystotome (Urol) – an instrument used for incising the bladder
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Kock – In urology, name of a pouch created during surgery
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”
decision, n
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discission, n
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diaphysis, n
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diastasis, n
...


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diathesis, n
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” Also, “No familial
diatheses were reported
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, circumspect, prudent, good judgment
...
, separate, composed of distinct parts or discontinuous elements
...
” A way to remember this is to note that the letter “T” separates the two “Es” in this
word
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dyskeratosis – aberrant keratin production and/or disposition
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, difficulty in swallowing
...

dysphasia, n
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ear, n
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elicit, v
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, to draw out, as in “We could elicit little information as to the patient’s past medical history
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, unlawful, improper, not permitted, as in, “The patient denies use of illicit drugs
...
” (Two words, no matter how the Toyota advertisements spell it
...
, meaning common, generic
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” MUST precede a noun
...
, to make worse
exacerbation, n
...
“The rash was exacerbated by cold weather
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, the state of being exasperated or frustrated, sort of like a proofreader feels when the word
is substituted for exacerbation
...
and adj
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flare up, v
...
g
...
”

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flair, n
...
”
flexor, n
...
, a muscle that flexes a joint
...
, the bent part of an organ or structure, e
...
sigmoid flexure
...
Examples: The patient will be seen in followup
...


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FOLLOW UP – The verb is two words
...
Smith
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FOLLOW-UP – As an adjective
...
However,
from many years’ usage, it is generally accepted in medicine, and elsewhere, to use the noun/adjective, oneword form
...
The patient will

MEDICAL TERMS OFTEN CONFUSED
have a follow-up (or followup) examination
...
Incidentally,
CHECKUP, FLAREUP and WORKUP (three more great medical words!) follow the same principle
...
, (1) Offensive to the senses, as a foul odor, foul play
...

fowl – n
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galactorrhea – n
...

galacturia – n
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gauge, n
...
t
...

gouge, n
...
t
...

hart, n
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, the center of the vascular system of mammals, essentially a pump, cf cor
...
, a “horned” part of the brain
...
, a large herbivorous “river horse” of African inland waters
...
, pertaining to the humerus bone
...
, referring to a body fluid (such as a hormone)
...
, 1
...
2
...
2a
...

humors, n
...
the body fluids
humorous, adj
...

humerus, n
...

hyper-, prefix meaning excessive, above, beyond
...

ileum, n
...
Ref: ileus, ileac
(when referring to the intestine)
...
, the superior portion of the hip bone
...

incite, v
...

insight, n
...

infra- prefix, meaning under, beneath, below
...
, that part closest to the center, or within
...
) inter-, prefix, meaning between
...

intralocular, adj
...

intraocular, adj
...

its — possessed by something; “The bear could not pick up its shadow
...
If you can substitute “it is” in the sentence, then this is the form to use
...

naught – nothing; “all for naught
...

loath adj
...
“The patient is loath to undertake surgery at this time
...
, dislike intensely; hate; detest
...
(one word) a person who stands watch against danger
...
, (two words) a warning of danger
loop, n
...

loupe, n
...


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loose, adj
...

lose, v
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malleolus, n
...


MEDICAL TERMS OFTEN CONFUSED
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malleus, n
...

marital, adj
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martial, adj
...

marshall, n
...

maybe, adv
...

melanotic, – referring to the presence of melanin
...
It’s melenic stools, not
melanotic, no matter how dictated
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metacarpal, adj
...

metatarsal, adj
...

metaphysis, n
...

metastasis, n
...

militate, v
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, to affect, to carry weight; used with the word “against,” as “His long smoking history would
militate against a good prognosis
...
t
...
i
...
”

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modeling – 1
...
2
...

mottling – blotchy, such as mottling of the skin
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, pertaining to mucus; also, secreting mucus, as “mucous membranes
...
, viscid secretion produced by mucous membranes
...
, pertaining to the mouth
...

osteal, adj
...

ostial, adj
...

pail, n
...

pale, adj
...

palate – the roof of the mouth
palette – an artist’s paint board
pallet – a straw-filled mattress (or) a small hard temporary bed
pallette – one of the plates of a suit of armor
palpation, n
...

palpitation, n
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papillation, n
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pancreas, n
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Pancrease/pancrease, n
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Pap smear/test – An abbreviation for Papanicolaou, capitalized to differentiate from PAP and pap
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pap – n
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passed v
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past n
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“In the past…”
pawn – a chess piece; as a verb it may indicate leaving a valuable item to secure a loan
...

PONS – An acronym for Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity
...


MEDICAL TERMS OFTEN CONFUSED
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peak, n
...
Sometimes used as a
back formation verb, “peaked
...
, to look at something; “peek-a-boo
...

peal, v
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peel, v
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perennial – occurring all year long, as in perennial allergies
...
, refers to the perineum (the area
between the scrotum and anus in the male, and between the vulva and anus in the female)
...
, refers to the peritoneum, the serous membrane lining the abdominal and pelvic cavities
...
, refers to the fibula or to the outer side of the leg and muscles thereof; the peroneus longus and
the peroneus brevis
...
“She only shopped the perimeter of
the store
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A characteristic, element or or factor
...
”

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perfuse, vt
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,: vt
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n
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profuse, adj
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, lavish, extravagant, bountiful
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, simple, unadorned, as in a plain x-ray
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, a flat surface or layer; a surfacing tool
...
, refers to the pleura, the serous membrane lining each half of the thorax, as the “pleural cavity” or
“pleural effusion
...
, more than one
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and adj
...

prostrate, adj
...

principal, adj
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, the most important; the chief, e
...
“principal diagnosis,” the “principal of a school
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, a law or rule
...

radical, adj
...
in Dorland’s – “directed to the
cause; directed to the root or source of a morbid process, such as “radical surgery
...
, any one of the smallest branches of a vessel or nerve
...

ravage, v
...

Ravich – a type of urological instrument
...
, take by force, as in rape
...
, (Oph), the moving of the head of an eye muscle (usually the medial rectus or lateral rectus, that
adduct or abduct the eyeball), and reimplanting it in a slightly different position for correction of strabismus
...
, excision of a portion of an organ or of a structure
...
, government or social system; mode of rule or management (often misused or mispronounced in
medicine for “regimen”)
...
, a systematic course of diet, therapy, or exercise, meant to achieve certain ends
...
, a part we play in life
...
, to roll something (roll over, roll a ball, etc
...
, stercoroma; a tumor-like mass in the rectum formed by an accumulation of fecal material
...
, an area of depressed vision; a dark or blind spot in the visual field which is surrounded by an
area of more normal vision
...
, to ride on wind currents such as soaring birds do and humans do when parasailing and hang gliding;
hovering
...
, n
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some time – adj
...
(Can you conceivably state a sentence using “time”
without the word “some”? If so, use the two-word version
...
We will see you sometime in the future
...
This rule applies to ALL words that
begin with “some” – they often can be one word or two, depending on usage
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, unchanging in condition; fixed in position
...
, letter paper, writing materials
...
“The patient is allergic
to sulfa drugs
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a mineral; the “smell of hell
...


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sulpha – a prefix for certain sulfa drugs
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Sometimes used interchangeably with supra-
...
In anatomy, this is usually preferred over super-
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Tenon capsule, a proper name for the capsule enclosing the posterior part of the eyeball (capitalized, you will
note)
...

than (preposition) – Otherwise
...
” “Life is other than perfect
...
(Substitute, in your mind, “at that time
...
” “Then,
we went to school
...
, the ebb and flow of water due to the pull of the moon; or the ebb and flow of air in one’s lungs
...
, past tense of tie – as in “…sutures were tied
...
Also, an abnormal passage through tissue, such
as a sinus tract or fistulous tract, both of which form a sort of “system” during the course of their formation in
the body
...
or a needle track, oftentimes found on drug addicts or
patients on chronic hemodialysis
...


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trichinosis, n
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trichocyst, n
...

trichosis, n
...

verses, n
...
, lines of poetry
...
, against, contrary to, properly abbreviated vs
...
, top, generally used alone to refer to the top of the head, as in “vertex presentation,” but also used
in referring to the top or apex of other organs
...
, a whorled pattern or arrangement, such as is found in fingerprints or pattern of hair growth at the
crown of the head
...
, pertaining to the bladder
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, a small blister; a small bladder or sac containing liquid, e
...
, seminal vesicles
...
, a small tube for collecting blood
...
, uncouth, nasty, or bad smelling
...
, shaggy with soft hairs; covered with villi; “villose adenoma” or “villous adenoma
...
, small vascular protrusion, particularly a protrusion from the surface of a membrane,
commonly seen in small bowel
...
, characterized by viscosity
...
, internal organ; singular form of viscera
...

wear, v
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To diminish or decay through usage or passage of
time (as to wear down)
...
the act of wearing; the state of being worn
...
g
...


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where, conj
...
g
...
, a smoothly, slightly elevated area on the body surface which is redder or paler than the surrounding
skin; e
...
“wheal-and-flare reaction
...
, the invention that revolutionized the world; fits well on a car or wagon
...


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who, pron – usually an interrogative
...
e
...


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whom, objective case of who
...
g
...
-or- … is the one whom I saw
...


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who’s – possessive form of who (if you can substitute “who is” -this is the form to use
...

workup, see followup
...
“Today he feels worse than usual
...
“…the worst pain he had ever had

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