Notesale: Turn your study into money

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Ke ywords:

D a ta type:

1
...
Sign qualifiers- signed and unsigned (These qualifiers can be applied to the data types int and char o nly)

C o nstant:
The term constant means that it does not change during the execution of program
...
Integer constants –const int
2
...
Character constants –const char (e
...
, ‘A’ ‘B’ ‘1’)
4
...

#define PI 3
...


Operators:
Ari thmetic operators:
Op e rator

Me aning

+

Addition or Unary plus

-

Subtraction or Unary minus

*

Multiplication

/

Division

%

modulo Division

R e lational operators:
Op e rator

Me aning

<

Less than

>

Greater than

<=

Less than or equal to

>=

Greater than or equal to

==

Equal to

!=

Not equal to

L o gical operators:
Op e rator

Me aning

&&

Logical AND

||

Logical OR

!

Logical NOT

Assignment operator:
Operator

Equation

Ou tput

+=

i =i +1

i +=1

-=

i =i -10

i -=10

*=

i =i*11

i * =11

/=

i =i /12

i /=12

%=

i =i%5

i % =5

C o nditional operator:
The conditional expression can be used as shorthand for some if-else statements
...
This
operator consist of two symbols: the question mark (?) and the colon (:)
...
If it is true (non-zero), it evaluates and returns expression1
...

if (x < y)
{
min = x;
}
else
{
min = y;
}
You just say
...
U n ary minus
2
...
Si zeof operator
4
...


%i

Data item is displayed as a single decimal integer
...


%c

Data item is displayed as a single character
...


%g

Data item is displayed as a floating-point value using either e-type or f-type

conversion depending on value
...


%s

Data item is displayed as string
...


%x

Data item is displayed as a hexadecimal integer, without a leading 0x
...




g e tch:



g e ts: char *gets(char *s);
It is used to scan a line of text from a standard input device
...




p u ts: p u ts();
It i s used to display a string on a standard output device

Arrays:
i n t numbers [5];
n u mbers [0] = 1;

// set first element

n u mbers [4] = 5;

// set last element

D a ta_type

Array_name [row size][column size];

i n t matrix [3][3];
m a trix[0][0] = 10
m a trix[2][2] = 10;
D a ta_type

Array_name [size1][size2][size3];

Fu n ction:
Fu n ction declaration: Void ariaofsquare(int);
Fu n ction calling: ariaofsquare(5);
Fu n ction definition:
Void ariaofsquare(intS)
{
}
R e curasion:
#include ...

type element n;
};

We can declare structure variables as follows
struct structure_name var1,var2,…
...

struct structure_name
{
type element 1;
type element 2;
……………
...
name
similarly, stud1’s rollno and stud1’s totalmark can be accessed by writing
stud1
...
totalmark
In i tializing Structure Members
The general form is
struct stucture_name var={val1,val2,val3…
...
h>
#include ...
2f\n",stud1
...
name,stud1
...
2f\n",stud2
...
name,stud2
...
2f\n",stud3
...
name,stud3
...

struct struct_name
{
type element 1;
type element 2;
……………
...
h>
#include ...
name);

printf("Roll number:\n");
scanf("%d",&stud[i]
...
totalmark);
}
printf("STUDENTS DETAILS:\n");
for(i=0;i{
printf("\nRoll number:%d\n",stud[i]
...
name);
printf("Totel mark:%d\n",stud[i]
...
In such situation, the declaration of the embedded
structure must appear before the declaration of the outer structure
...
h>
#include ...
name);
p rintf("\nRoll number:\n");
scanf("%d",&stud[i]
...
totalmark);
p rintf("\nDate of birth (Format:01 06 2010):\n");
scanf("%d%d%d",&stud[i]
...
day,&stud[i]
...
month,&stud[i]
...
year);
}
printf("STUDENTS DETAILS:\n");
for(i=0;i{
printf("\n\nRoll number:%d\n\n",stud[i]
...
name);
printf("Totel mark:%d\n\n",stud[i]
...
d
...
d
...
d
...
The size of
pointer variable depends on the data type of the variable pointed to by the pointer
Op e ration possible with pointers:
The arithmetic operations available for use with pointer can be classified as



U n ary operator: ++ (increment) and --



Bi nary operator; +(addition) and –(subtraction)

If the pointer to an integer is incremented using the ++ operator, then the address contained in the pointer is
incremented by two and not one, assuming that an integer occupies two bytes in memory
...


Sto rage Classes:

Sta tic storage:

re gister storage:

Au tomatic storage class:

External Storage class:

D ynamic memory allocation:



DMA



malloc



calloc



realloc



free

Fi le:



fopen



fclose



fputc



fgetc



fputs



fgets



fscanf



fprintf



fseek



putc



getc



putw



getw



append

C Preprocessor:
Preprocessor statements begin with a #symbol, and are NOT terminated by a semicolon
...
In clude directive:
They include directive is used to include files like as we include header files in the beginning of the
program using #include directive like


#include ...
h>

2
...
These defined values or statement can be used by main or in the user defined functions as well
...
defining a constant
B
...
defining a mathematical expression
For example
#define PI 3
...

char str1[]=”I Like”;
char *str2=”C Programming”;
strlen() : size_t strlen( char *str );
strlen(char *str) returns the length of the null terminated string pointed to by str
...

strlwr(): char * strlwr(char *str)
strlwr(str) coverts str to all lowercase
...

strcat(): char *strcat( char *str1, const char *str2 );
strcat(str1,str2) concatenates a copy of the string pointed to by str2 to the string pointed to by str1 and terminates str1
with a null
...
The str2 is untouched by the
operation
...

strncat(): char *strncat( char *str1, const char *str2,size_t count );
strncat(str1,str2,n) concatenates not more than n characters of the string pointed to by str2 to the string pointed to
by str1 and terminates str1 with a null
...

The str2 is untouched by the operation
...

The str2 must be a pointer to a null terminated string
...
The str2 must be a pointer to a null terminated string
...
Returns a negative value if str1identical; and positive value if str1>str2
...
Returns a negative value if
str1str2
...
Returns a negative value if
str1str2
...
Returns a negative value if
str1str2
...
Returns a
negative value if str1str2
...
Returns a
negative value if str1str2
...
quits when the first null character is found
...

strchr(): char *strchr( const char *str, int ch );
strchr(str,ch) finds ch in str
...

strstr(): char *strstr( const char *str1, const char *str2 );
strstr(str1,str2) finds the first occurrence of substring str2 in str1
...

strrev():char *str( char *str);
strrev(str) reverses all characters in str(except for the terminating null )
...

strset(): char *strset( const char *str,char ch );
strset(str,ch) set all character in str to ch
...
Returns a pointer to str

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Title: main c language function
Description: required c language function,loop,statement and pointer

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