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Title: Ohm's Law Lab
Description: Detailed lab of Ohm's Law - from International Baccalaureate Student.
Description: Detailed lab of Ohm's Law - from International Baccalaureate Student.
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The Relationship between Potential Difference and Current
Purpose:
The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the properties of Ohm’s Law, which is the straightline relationship
between potential difference, current and resistance
...
Theory:
Ohm’s Law states that the current
(I)
through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the
potential difference
(V) across the two points
...
The resistance is
R
determined by the properties of the material and its geometry (length and crosssectional area)
...
Current
is inversely proportional to resistance, and as a result, as the current increases, the resistance decreases
...
With ideal equipment:
1
...
2
...
In theory, voltage is directly proportional to current, and has a linear correlation:
Apparatus:
1
...
6 alligator clips
3
...
Multimeter probe wires
5
...
5 V cells
6
...
Setup the apparatus in correspondence to diagram
Figure 1
...
Ensure that the multimeter is connected to the correct polarity (+ve to +ve and ve to ve), and that it is connected
in series with the resistor
...
Adjust the dial to 10 A for the ammeter
...
Record the value of the current in amperes
...
5
...
6
...
7
...
Ensure that the multimeter is connected in parallel
with the resistor
...
Record the value of the potential difference in volts
...
7
...
Repeat until you have recorded the values of the current
and potential difference of 5 cells
...
03
Potential Difference (V) ± 0
...
03
1
...
75
1
...
97
2
...
36
2
...
40
2
...
The resistors were heated
...
The loads and wires were in a poor condition
...
The cells were putting out less than 1
...
4
...
5
...
Analysis:
In
Figure 3
, the grey line represents the
upper bound of the slope, the red line represents the lower bound of the
slope and the blue line represents the line of best fit
...
current graph is an example of a
continuous, strong, linear relationship
...
40 2
...
34 1
...
87
Margin of error:
% : | 0
...
87 Ω
Slope computation for the
lower bound
(red line):
R = ΔV/ΔI
= (V
2 V1) 2 I1)
/ (I
= V
(2
...
20 / (2
...
28
V
)
A
A
)
= 0
...
40V 2
...
29A 1
...
00
Ω
Discussion:
Introduction:
In this lab, we investigated the properties of Ohm’s Law through the use of series circuits connected to a multimeter
...
Our objective was to compare the theoretical linear
proportionality between potential difference and current with the experimental data that we recorded from our
experiment
...
The data that we withdrew from our experiment gives us a strong linear relationship between potential difference
and current, but contained systematic errors that could not be avoided
...
In
Figure 3,
you are able to see that the data points can be connected
in a linear fashion
...
We have fulfilled the purpose of the experiment by verifying the accuracy
and practical application of Ohm’s Law in direct current circuits
...
The first diagram was used to
measure current
...
Results:
The experiment that we conducted contained a 15% margin of error, caused by the sources of systematic error
...
87 Ω
...
This caused the electron flow to be more confined and heat to build up,
increasing resistance
...
Some wire connections had to be held in place manually, increasing resistance
...
5 Volts
...
The potential difference and current readings were not accurate due to fluctuations in the multimeter device, which
could have caused the resistance to either increase or decrease
...
There
may have been small temperature fluctuations during the duration of conducting the experiment, leading to small
errors in the values that we computed
...
Use recently calibrated ammeters and voltmeters
2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
6
...
5 V
Title: Ohm's Law Lab
Description: Detailed lab of Ohm's Law - from International Baccalaureate Student.
Description: Detailed lab of Ohm's Law - from International Baccalaureate Student.