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ALVIN WONG

PISMP BI (SK) 2 JANUARY INTAKE 2013 SEMESTER 5

TASK 2 – CIRITICAL ESSAY

1
...

Known as the country which achieved independence through international negotiation and
treaty, our forefathers and great leaders had successfully developed this country with
tranquillity and unity
...

According to Lee, H
...
(2004), Malaysia had undergone various political, economic and
educational transformation throughout the years of development based on the “push and
demand” of our culturally vast society
...
As a whole,
Malaysia is a home for millions and millions of citizens who pursue independence in life and a
peaceful setting in a unique cultural diversity
...
Focusing on the educational aspects, the Malaysian
Ministry of Education had generated a systematic blueprint to ensure that the education
system continues to progress in tandem while ensuring that everyone acquire equal
opportunity in education
...
It is our profound duty as educators to implement
appropriate input in order to achieve the designated Educational Aspirations and Students’
Aspirations
...
In such context, creating a culturally conducive and friendly
school and classroom environment is very crucial
...
Thus, multicultural and
multi-linguistic issues may be apparent at some point in the class
...
Now, the main questions are clear
...
0 Developing Cultural Friendly School Environment

In order to develop a cultural friendly school environment, there are two important
components that must be taken into serious consideration
...
1 Permission to Learn First Language Formally

As a formal learning constitution, school is obligated to provide students from different
cultural and socio-economic background with the knowledge of language acquisitions that
suits the students’ learning requirement
...
This article states that the Bahasa Malaysia
is the national language and the language is to be used as the medium of language transition
in formal constitutions and events
...
Specifically focusing on the educational aspects, Bahasa
Malaysia has been known to be the primary language medium for most of the primary school
subjects
...

“School is the hub for rich language acquisition; students get to learn their mother
tongue language formally with the current basics they have learn from home
...
and
Davies, L
...
Indeed this statement is true
...
(Mok, S
...
and Lee, S
...
, 2008)
...
With the implementation of this system, students’ right to
receive formal education in their own mother tongue, especially at the early stage of in
education is protected
...
With equal access to learning the mother tongue language, students of various
multi-lingual background can maintain their cultural language heritage without any
discrimination in education
...

2
...
This festive celebration
symbolizes significant events and occasions that occur within the culture
...
and Lundy-Ponce, G
...

Therefore, in order to create a cultural friendly school environment, the school can celebrate
different ethnic festivals as a sign of respect and gratitude
...
Students
studying at the same school with multicultural and multilingual diversity may need to be exposed to the
distinctiveness

of

the

different

ethnic

groups

comprehensively
...
Anne, Sarikei
would celebrate the different unique celebration every
year by incorporating various special activities that are
significant about the ethnic group
...


expand students’ knowledge, interest and acknowledgement towards the group
...
Their love for their culture as
well as their respect for others will enable the students to engage proactively in the sixth
student aspiration which is the “National Identity”
...


EDU3063 – CULTURE AND LEARNING (TASK 2) – INDIVIDUAL

ALVIN WONG

PISMP BI (SK) 2 JANUARY INTAKE 2013 SEMESTER 5

3
...


Enticing
Teaching and
Learning
Materials

Fair
Assessments
for Student
Performance

Develop
Cultural
Friendly
Classroom
Effective
Classroom
Management

Comprehensive
Teaching and
Learning
Activities

Bubble Map 2: Ways to Develop Cultural Friendly Classroom

3
...
, 2011)
...
In the context of creating a cultural friendly classroom, teaching materials
must be selected appropriately before the lesson session begins
...
There are several considerations that can be taken to create a cultural friendly
classroom using appropriate and suitable teaching materials
...
(1983), students differ from one another in terms
of their multiple intelligences
...
This can be made possible only after
several lesson session whereby the teacher observes and generates a list of students with
similar multiple intelligences
...
As observed during the School Based Experience, one of the fresh graduate
teacher in SK St
...
Su Lin
Lee uses this theory as she engages her
students in the class of multiracial students
...
Some students prefer learning through
interpersonal interactions while other prefer
audio-visual interactions
...
Su cues her students to
construct sentences based on given clues
...
Not only does using suitable teaching
and learning materials generates a conducive and friendly learning environment, the
cooperative effect adheres to one of the five system aspirations for the Malaysian education
system which is the aspect of “Unity”
...
” (Tomlinson,
B
...
Indeed it is true
...
Young students are easily influenced
with what they see and hear
...
The teacher is
responsible to filter all information and only select appropriate content according to the lesson
objectives
...
This will enable students of different
ethnic background comprehend and embrace with their classmates customs and belief
system
...
The enhancement of cultural knowledge will then lead to the achievement of the
first student aspiration which is the aspect of “Knowledge”
...
2 Comprehensive Teaching and Learning Activities

According to Garjaka, K
...

Thus, activities must be planned appropriately to promote unity among the multicultural
students while they are interacting with one another consciously
...
Hence, the aspect of creating and developing suitable activities for the students
requires the teacher to fully understand and comprehend the dynamics of diversity among the
students of different ethnicity, language, culture and socio-economic background
...
Therefore, to accomplish the setting of activities in a multicultural classroom, teacher
must use varied teaching and learning activities and techniques to promote cultural friendly
learning atmosphere among the student
...
Allen, K
...
and
Nieter, V
...


Authentic materials are displayed with the
incorporation

of

selected

stimuli
...
Dayang Harffah of SK
Sarikei, Sarikei often uses the “Quiz Time”
activity
...
The students are often
excited by this activity and they indirectly bond with one another as they use cooperative
learning style to learn
...

As a result, the teaching and learning activities in the classroom can create a more tolerant
and cohesive experience for the students
...
Activities that are planned based on this aspiration will promote the value “responsibility
and loyalty” regardless of the ethnicity, religion or socio-economic status of the students
...
As we are currently in the 21 st century, the teacher should move away
from typical rote learning activities into Learning Community (LC) activities as proposed by
DuFour, R
...
For example, in the context of real learning activity experience, Mdm Nor
Hasliza of SK Abang Haji Matahir, Sarikei, the teacher of class 3 Elite (high proficiency class)
uses the Learning Community technique to
group her students of multicultural background
...
After electing, the group leader will
arrange or divide the task among themselves as
a workable team
...


group leader stood up to distribute the colour
pencils equally among his group members
...


colour pencils to complete the given task
...
He took effort to make sure that his
members are comfortable with the drawing
activity
...
Not only does it improves communication and interactive
skills, the students also benefit in term of psychological and emotional development
...
Overall,
the bond between students of different ethnic background can be further improved and this
leads to a conducive and healthy learning environment
...
3 Effective Classroom Management

Hue, M
...
(2008) emphasizes that in a culturally diverse learning environment,
the teacher must equip himself or herself as an efficient “manager” in the teaching and learning
process to cater to the needs of different students
...
As a facilitator of learning,
teacher must be able to conduct the lesson effectively by placing the students’ cultural diversity
as the main priority
...
This means that the teacher should be able to
grasp the students’ attention and their commitment towards the lesson while being flexible to
changes whenever necessary according to the students’ needs
...
As mentioned by Premier, J
...

and Miller, J
...
For
example, during the previous School Based
Experience, one of the LINUS teacher, Mdm
...
Anne, Sarikei was in-charged
to teach English to 5 Malay students, 6 Chinese
students and 5 Iban students
...
Imun uses simple and
easy English to teach her students
...
The students were also placed in groups of various abilities and races to
heighten the acquisition of language
...
Nevertheless, she is flexible in managing her teaching and learning
session by providing fun and meaningful remedial activities which involves group cooperation
and hands-on materials
...
Extra preparation is always crucial to reinforce the lesson and thus allowing the
multiracial students to engage appropriately in a multicultural classroom setting without being
left behind
...
4 Fair Assessments for Students Performance

Gravells, A
...

Assessment is an important measure for the teacher to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching
and learning process so as to improving teaching weaknesses whenever necessary
...
In terms of a multicultural classroom context, the
teacher should be responsible to prepare a designed assessment to keep track of the
multicultural students’ mastery, performance and understanding of the teaching and learning
contents
...

A culture-based assessment is a crucial measure for teachers to assess students’
performance by taking into account of students’ cultural diversity
...
et
al
...
Therefore, teacher must design a culture-based assessment to cater
to the sensitivity of the students from various cultural background
...

However, the evaluation will enable the teacher to identify and classify the students based on
their level of proficiency and cognitive abilities
...
In addition, this assessment will create
educational opportunities for the students while countering biasness in traditional-based
assessment and practices
...
According to Dhillon, R
...
Although many refuted this idea,
looking at the positive side, this measure is a way to help multiracial students’ who face
difficulties in other languages
...

Through the application of culture-based assessment, students may exhibit their
understanding and competency in a numerous ways possible based on local and custom
conditions
...
Hence, it is clear that by applying a fair assessment which is the
culture-based assessment, students of multicultural background can enjoy a friendlier learning
environment without worrying inevitable constraints and difficulties
...
0 Issues Related to Multicultural and Multi-linguistic in Malaysia

There are four issues that are related to the Multicultural and Multi-linguistic aspects
in Malaysia
...
1 The “Abolishing of Vernacular School” Issue
The issue regarding the abolishment of Vernacular school had been causing a great
argument between the opposing member as well as the agreeing member for a long period of
time
...
The freedom of learning
and using mother tongue language is violated
...
The Sekolah Wawasan is produced with the belief that
it will cater to the needs of ethnic and multiculturalism in Malaysia
...


EDU3063 – CULTURE AND LEARNING (TASK 2) – INDIVIDUAL

ALVIN WONG

PISMP BI (SK) 2 JANUARY INTAKE 2013 SEMESTER 5

4
...
News dated 24 th July 2013 shocked the entire nation when non-Muslim
students of SK Sri Pristana School were forced to eat in the bathroom to give way for their
Muslim classmates to fast
...

The segregation were viewed as unhygienic and parents even wrote to the school authority
...
The school came up with a reason to such drastic
action because the canteen was too small to cater to the needs of the other non-Muslim
students
...
3 The “Baju Kurung” Issue

Another ethnic related issue that surround the media happened quite recently
...
SMK Seri Mutiara
Cheras emphasised that dress code for Muslim and Non-Muslim are different from one
another whereby the Muslim girl must wear baju kurung with the tudung while the non-Muslim
can only wear the pinafore
...
At the end of the day, the problem as asserted by
Nicole’s father was reviewed and was dealt professionally whereby the school authority gave
permission to Nicole wear her baju kurung again when she is back to school
...
4 The “RM250 Conversion” Issue

This issue had created a recent dispute especially among the victim’s parents
...
The form one student of SMK Lutong was lured to a house where she was
allegedly made to recite a Muslim prayer
...
Apart for the incident above, she was also constantly harassed by two
religious teachers which indirectly disrupted her studies
...


EDU3063 – CULTURE AND LEARNING (TASK 2) – INDIVIDUAL

ALVIN WONG

PISMP BI (SK) 2 JANUARY INTAKE 2013 SEMESTER 5

5
...
It was considered as the continuum effect of the past which moves
along as the country progresses
...
When we look back again into these issues,
it is obvious that the teachers are basically responsible of the cause of many dispute and
dissatisfaction
...

What should the teacher acquire then?
Firstly, the teacher must equip himself or herself with effective communication skills to
avoid misinterpretation and miscommunication
...
A communicatively skilled teacher has the capability to listen to her students
as well as being able to explain and clarify things in return
...
According to Bhatnagar, N
...
(2012), in order to protect
the learning constitution, delivering negative agenda and propaganda must be avoided at all
cost to protect the students
...
Therefore, the teacher must make sure that his or her communicative skills bring
benefit to the students while moving away from disruptive manipulation and schemes
...
As an authority, manager and facilitator for the students, the teacher may need to
develop the sense of understanding towards the different types of culture within the classroom
...
Boundaries need to set clearly regarding racial or religious sensitivity
...
Tileston, D
...
(2004) emphasizes that the teacher must address cultural
sensitivity issues to ensure smooth delivery of language instructions without being prejudice
or bias
...

Thirdly, in addressing issues of multicultural and multi-linguistic in the classroom,
teachers are required to have high tolerance to students’ beliefs and cultural background
...
Same goes, whenever one of the Chinese students family members passed
away, certain set of beliefs must be abided such as no cutting fingernails or hair
...
According to Amato, R
...
This will
generate a mutually strong interpersonal relationship based on trust and respect
...
Hence, both parties benefited from the value to tolerance
that were generated
...


6
...
Nevertheless, it is our great responsibility as the
educators to cater to the needs of these diverse ethnicity to promote a healthier and positive
teaching and learning environment
...
We are the catalyst that constructs the cognitive, affective and also the actions of
the students to be united with one another in heart and also in mind regardless of cultural
differences
...

Last but not least, the teacher should work hand in hand with the students as well as the
school authorities to develop unity in diversity
...


EDU3063 – CULTURE AND LEARNING (TASK 2) – INDIVIDUAL

ALVIN WONG

PISMP BI (SK) 2 JANUARY INTAKE 2013 SEMESTER 5

7
...
, Scheve, J
...
(2010)
...
Huntington Beach, CA: Shell Education
...
(1992)
...
Los
Angeles: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company
...
and Gomes, V
...
(2015, January 15)
...


MalayMail

Online
...
themalaymailonline
...
, & Bhatnagar, M
...
Effective communication and soft skills: Strategies for
success
...

Dhillon, R
...
English In Malaysia: A Faltering English Proficiency
...


Retrieved

from

http://www
...
com/allsides/2013/12/06/english-in-malaysia-a-falteringenglish-proficiency/

DuFour, R
...
What Is a Professional Learning Community? Journal of Educational
Leadership, 61(8), 6-11
...
ascd
...
aspx

Garjaka, K
...
Teaching With your Students: Effective Instruction in Culturally and
Linguistically

Diverse

Classrooms
...


Retrieved

from

http://digitalcommons
...
edu/cgi/viewcontent
...
(2010)
...

Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd
...
, & Davies, L
...
School management and effectiveness in developing
countries: The post bureaucratic school
...


EDU3063 – CULTURE AND LEARNING (TASK 2) – INDIVIDUAL

ALVIN WONG

PISMP BI (SK) 2 JANUARY INTAKE 2013 SEMESTER 5

Hue, M
...
(2008)
...

Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press
...
(2011)
...
Sarawak, Malaysia: CMM Publishing House
...
S
...
M
...
Pendidikan di Malaysia
...


PIME
...
Non-Muslim pupils forced to eat in bathroom because of Ramadan
...
it
...
asianews
...
html

Premier, J
...
and Miller, J
...
Preparing Pre-service Teachers for Multicultural
Classrooms
...
Retrieved from:
http://dx
...
org/10
...
2010v35n2
...
S
...
Blaming Vernacular Schoole For Racial Disharmony: Why
Does

This

Belief

Persist?

MalaysianDigest
...
malaysiandigest
...
html

Then, S
...
Sarawak minister: Teachers here to teach, not convert students
...
Retrieved from
http://www
...
com
...
W
...
What Every Teacher Should Know About Diverse Learners
...


Tomlinson, B
...
Developing materials for language teaching
...


EDU3063 – CULTURE AND LEARNING (TASK 2) – INDIVIDUAL



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