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CHAPTER 3

Session Objectives
Explain Types of Control Statements
Explain If, If
...
Case statement
Explain Break,continue Statements
Explain the Goto Statement

•Decision making&
Branching
• Looping Statement

• Jumping
Statement

By default the statements are executed sequentially
...


Decision
Making &Branching
Statement

Jumping
Statement
Looping
Statement

Syntax :
if(condition)
{
True Block Statement(s);
}
Executable statement(s);

Test
Condition

TRUE

FALSE

Executable Statements

True Block Statements

Syntax :
if(condition)
{
True Block Statement(s);
}
else
{False Block statement(s);
}

FALSE

False Block Statements

Test
Condition

TRUE

True Block Statements

Syntax :
Initialization counter;
while(condition)
{
Body of the Loop;
Increment/Decrement counter
;
}

Start
Initialize
FALSE
Test
Condition

TRUE
Body of the loop

Increment or
Decrement

STOP

Syntax :
Initialization counter;
do
{
Body of the Loop;
Increment/Decrement counter
;
} while(condition);

Start

Initialize
Body of the loop

Increment or Decrement
TRUE

Test
Condition

FALSE
Stop

Syntax :

For(initialization;condition;increment/decrement)
{
Body of the Loop;
}

Start
Initialize
FALSE
Test
Condition

TRUE
Body of the loop

Increment or
Decrement

STOP

Multiple Initialization / Increments
The following loop is used for multiple initialization -

The for loop will be termed as a nested for loop when
it is written like this : -

Write a “C” Program swapping two
numbers
#include ...
h>
void main()
{
int i=2;
printf("\n The value of i is %d",i);
printf("\n The value of i is %d",++i);
printf("\n The value of i is %d",i);
}

Decrement Operator Example
#include ...
h>
void main()
{
float faren,celsius;
printf("\n Enter the farenheit = ");
scanf(" %f", &faren);
celsius = (faren -32) *5/9;
printf("The Celsius is = %f",celsius);
}

Write a program to accept your name,address & city and print it one by one
#include ...
h>
#include ...
h>
void main()
{
char name[20];
int basic,pf,lic,net;
printf("\n Enter the name=");
scanf("%s",name);
printf("\n Enter Basic Bpay =");
scanf("%d",&basic);
printf("\n Enter PF =");
scanf("%d",&pf);
printf("\n Enter LIC =");
scanf("%d",&lic);
net = basic – (pf + lic);
printf("Net Salary is = %d ",net);
}

Write a program to find the greatest among two
numbers a,b
#include ...
=");
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
if (a>b)
{
printf("A is greatest %d“,a);
}
else
{
printf(" B is greatest %d“,b);
}
getch();
}

Enter 2 nos
...
h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
printf("\n Enter 3 nos
...
c);
}
getch();
}

Enter 3 nos
...

#include ...
a);
}
Elseif(a<0)
{
printf("Given number is negative %d“,a);
}
Else
{
printf("Given number is Zero %d“,a);
}
}

Enter the number = 10
The Given Number is positive

Write a progrm input the given
year is LEAP YEAR or Not
#include ...
h>
void main()
{
int no;
printf("Enter the Number =\n");
scanf("%d",&no);
if ((no%2)==0)
{
printf("\n The Number is Even Number %d“,no);
}
else
{
printf("\n The Number is Odd Number %d“,no);
}
getch();
}

Enter the number = 12
The Number is Even Number 12

Write a program to print the FIBONACCI
SERIES upto N Numbers
#include ...
h>
void main()
{
int i,j;
clrscr();
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("%d\n",i);
}
printf("\n");
}

Output
1
22
333
4444
55555

PASCAL TRIANGLE
#include ...
h>
void main()
{
int i,j,c=1;
clrscr();
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("%d\n",c);
c++;
}
printf("\n");
}

Output

Output

1

1

12

23

123

456

1234

7 8 9 10

12345

11 12 13 14 15

PASCAL TRIANGLE to print *
#include ...
h>
void main()
{
int i,j;
clrscr();
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=i;j>0;j--)
{
printf("%d\n",j);
}
printf("\n");
}

Output

*
**
** *
** * *
** * * *

1
21
321
4321
54321

To print the word in reverse
#include ...
h>
#define size 10
void main()
Enter Any String : raja
{
char name[size+1];
The Given String is raja
int i=1;
The Reversed String is ajar
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter Any String");
scanf("%s",name);
printf("\n The Given string is %s\n",name);
for(i=0;name[i]!='\0';i++);
printf("\n\n The Reversed String is");
for(i=size-1;i>=0;i--)
{
printf("%c",name[i]);
}
getch();
}

The continue statement causes the next iteration
of the enclosing loop to begin
...

continue;

function
The exit() is used to break out of the program
...


statement
The break statement is used to terminate a case in a
switch statement
...

break;

label
The goto statement transfers control to any other
statement within the same function in a C program
...

goto Labelname:
Statements;
-Labelname:
---

Statements;

Syntax :
switch(Expression)
{
case 1: Statements;
break;
case 2: Statements;
break;
case 3: Statements;
break;
default :Statements;
break;
}

• Default is Optional
• It is useful while writing menu driven programs

• Break statement transfers the control to the end of
switch
...


Write a menu type program to solve arithmetic calculation
using switch case stmts
...
h>
void main()
{
int a,b,choice,tot;
printf("\n 1
...
Subtraction");
printf("\n 3
...
Division");
printf("\n Enter the Values=");
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
printf("enter your choice=");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
tot = a+b;
printf("\n The Addition of 2 nos
...
% d",tot);
break;
case 3:
tot = a*b;
printf("\n The Multiplication of 2 nos
...
h>
void main()
{
int c=0,v=0;
char x;
printf("enter any string \n");
do
{
switch(x=getchar())
{
case 'a':
case 'e':
case 'i':
case 'o':
case 'u':
v++;
break;
case '\n':
break;
default:
c++;
break;
}
}while (x!='\n');
printf("no
...
of consonants is %d", c);
getch();
}

Enter Any String : welcome
No
...
of Consonants : 4

Write a “C” Program to generate Armstrong
No
...
h>
void main()
{
int a,b,s,n,i;
printf("\n ENter the Limit");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n The armstrong Numbers are");
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
{
a=i;
s=0;
while(a>0)
{
b=a%10;
b=b*b*b;
s=s+b;
a=a/10;
}
if(i==s)
{
printf("\t %d",i);
}
}
}

Write a program print the given number as
reverse format
...
h>
void main()
{
long int a,b,c=0,n;
printf("\n Enter the Number");
scanf("%ld",&a);
while(a>0)
{
n=a%10;
a=a/10;
c=b+c*10;
}
printf("\n The reversed numeral is %ld",c);
}

Enter the Number : 345
The reversed Numeral is 543

Write a program to convert the number from binary to
decimal
#include ...
h>
void main()
{
int i=0,j=0,sum=0;
long int n,x;
printf("\n Enter Binary Number");
scanf("%ld",&n);
if(n!=0)
{
i=n%10;
if(i==0 || i==1)
{
while(n!= 0)
{
i=n%10;
sum=sum+i*pow(2,j);
n=n/10;
j++;
}}}
if(sum==0)
printf("\n The no is not a binary number");
else
printf("\n The equivalent decimal number is %d",sum);
}

'break' statement Example
'break' stmt is used to terminate loops
or exit from a switch
...
h>
void main()
{
int i;
printf("The values are\n");
for(i=1;i<=100;i++)
{
printf("They are %d \n",i);
if(i==25)
{
break;
}
}
}

Print the Numbers from 1…25

Enter Binary Number : 101
The Equivalent Decimal No : 5

Convert the character from lower to upper and vice
versa
...
h>
void main()
{
char x,a;
Do {
printf("\n Enter any character");
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%c",&x);
if(x>='A' && x<='Z')
printf("\nLower case %c",x+('a' - 'A'));
else if(x>='a' && x<='z')
printf("\n Upper case is %c",x - ('a' - 'A'));
else
printf("\n That's not a Letter");
printf("\n Another Data[Y/N]?");
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%c",&a);
}while(a=='y');

F2 Key 

Save File

F3



Open an existing File

F5



Maximize

F6



Move to next Program

Alt+F9 

To compile (Check Errors)

Ctrl+F9 

Compile and Linking (Execute a Program)

Alt+F5 

Display output mode

Alt+F3 

Close screen

Quit



Alt+X (come out from Turbo “C”)

Session Summary
 The if statement is used to make decisions
 The switch statement allows us to make a decision from a number of choices
...
while loops
 The loop does does not terminate when a continue statement is encountered
 The switch statement can only for test equality
 Break used to terminate or exit from a switch statement
 The goto statement is used to transfer the control in a loop or function from one point
to any other portion in that program where it encounters a label

EXERCISES
1
...
else statement?

2
...


Write a program to perform arithmetic operations using switch statement?

4
...


Write

a

program

to

find

the

number

of

five

hundreds,Hundreds,

Fifties,Twenties,Tens,Fives,two’s and one’s in a amount given using while loop?
6
...
Write a program to generate N even Numbers and calculate its sum?
8
...
Write a program to calculate the sine series?

EXERCISES
10
...
while loops?



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Title: Notes on C Programming- Control Statements
Description: It includes Control Statements such as Decision making and branching(if, if..else and so on), looping statements and Unconditional Jump statements.

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