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Title: Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 1- The Human Body- An Orientation
Description: These notes offer a basic orientation to human anatomy and physiology including: Definition, Categories, and Approaches of Anatomy Structural Organization of Anatomy Characteristics of Living Things Organ Systems of the Human Body Precise Language of Anatomy The Cavities of the Body Regions and Quadrants of the Abdominopelvic Cavity The notes include highlights to bring attention to specific important points. These notes were taken for a high school honor's course of Anatomy and Physiology. However, they contain many advanced college level topics. These notes are aimed for any student taking Anatomy and Physiology in high school/college or for those who are curious as to how the body works and are laid out simply so that anyone can understand them.

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Chapter 1­ The Human Body: An Orientation
+ ​
Definition of Anatomy 
● ~ ​
Anatomy 
o The study of the structure of the body 
o Greek: to cut apart 
o Involves relations among: 
▪ 1
...
 Structure of individual organs 
● ~ ​
Physiology 
o Discipline that studies the function of body structures 
● ~ ​
Anatomy & Physiology: A Special Relationship 
o Structure relates to function 
o Ex
...
 ​icroscopic Anatomy 
M
▪ Examines structures that cannot be observed without a 
microscope 
▪ Cytology​
(cellular anatomy): the study of single body 
cells and their internal structures 
▪ Histology​
: the study of tissues 
o 2
...
 ​
Chemical level​
: atoms and molecules 
▪ 2
...
 ​
Tissue level​
: organized group of similar cells with a 
common, specialized function (tissues) 
▫ epithelial​
: covers exposed surfaces and lines body 
cavities 
▫ connective​
: protects, supports, interconnects 
body parts and organs 
▫ muscle​
: produces movement 
▫ nervous​
: conducts impulses for internal 
communication 
▪ 4
...
 ​
Organ system level​
: consists of related organs that 
work together to coordinate activities and achieve a 
common function 
▪ 6
...
 ​
Organization​
: exhibit complex structure and order 
o 2
...
 ​
Growth and Development​
: assimilate material from their 
environment, exhibit increased size and increased 
specialization as related to form and function 
▪ 2 points on first test for a picture that indicates one of 
these above characteristics 
o 4
...
 ​
Adaptation​
: alter an anatomic structure, physiologic 
process, or behavioral trait 
▪ Increases expected long term reproductive success 
o 6
...
 ​
Regulation​
: control and regulatory mechanisms maintain a 
consistent inter environment 
▪ “Homeostasis” 
 
 
 
 

+ ​
Introduction to Organ Systems 
● ~ ​
11 Organ Systems in Humans 
o 1
...
 ​uscular​
M
­ produces body movement, generates heat when 
muscles contract 
o 3
...
 ​
Skeletal​
­ provides and protection, site of ​
hemopoiesis​

stores Ca and P, provides sites for muscle attachments 
▪ 300 bones when first born, fuse to make 206 
o 5
...
 ​
Endocrine​
­ secretes hormones to regulate body and cellular 
growth, chemical levels in the body, and reproductive 
functions 
▪ Glands 
o 7
...
 ​
Digestive​
­ mechanically and chemically digests food 
materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products 
o 9
...
 ​
Urinary​
­ filters blood and removes waste products from 
blood, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, 
expels urine from body 
o 11
...
Cranial cavity​
: formed by the cranium, houses the brain 
ii
...
Parietal layer​
: lines the internal surface of the body wall 
b
Title: Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 1- The Human Body- An Orientation
Description: These notes offer a basic orientation to human anatomy and physiology including: Definition, Categories, and Approaches of Anatomy Structural Organization of Anatomy Characteristics of Living Things Organ Systems of the Human Body Precise Language of Anatomy The Cavities of the Body Regions and Quadrants of the Abdominopelvic Cavity The notes include highlights to bring attention to specific important points. These notes were taken for a high school honor's course of Anatomy and Physiology. However, they contain many advanced college level topics. These notes are aimed for any student taking Anatomy and Physiology in high school/college or for those who are curious as to how the body works and are laid out simply so that anyone can understand them.