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Title: Motivation
Description: Motivation for A level PE or First Year University
Description: Motivation for A level PE or First Year University
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Motivation
When discussing the term motivation we need to think “Why are some people more
motivated to succeed than others?”
The following definitions of motivation reflect the general consensus that motivation
is an internal state or condition (sometimes described as a need, desire, or want) that
serves to activate or energize behaviour and give it direction (Kleinginna and
Kleinginna, 1981a)
...
Franken (1994) provides an additional component in his definition:
•
the arousal, direction, and persistence of behaviour
...
It energises behaviour
and directs behaviour, in other words motivation gives you the drive to achieve a goal
and allows you to concentrate on the task ahead
...
This links personality with
competitiveness
...
Firstly, mastery or task goals
...
g
...
There are also Ego or ability goals
...
g
...
These can
also be called performance or product goals
...
These involve seeking social reinforcement
as a measure of success e
...
The most competitive people may strive to satisfy each of the three outcomes
...
Atkinson and McCelland (1976) presented the interactionist view and
stated that competitive motivation was generated through a combination of
personality and the situational factors
...
The Attribution theory (Weiner, 1972) explains how individuals and teams evaluate
their levels of success and failure in performance situations, and how the reasons
given for that success or failure may affect future motivation, in similar situations
...
That is, we may
succeed or fail because of factors that we believe are from within us or because of
HL125
factors that originate in our environment
...
If it is
stable, then the outcome is likely to be the same if we perform the same behaviour on
another occasion
...
Third, the cause of the success or failure may be either controllable or uncontrollable
...
An uncontrollable factor is one that we do not believe we can easily alter
...
(http://findarticles
...
In terms of the characteristics I have just discussed
these four factors can be analyzed in the following way:
Ability is a relatively internal and stable factor over which the learner does not
exercise much direct control
...
Effort is an internal and unstable factor over which the learner can exercise a great
deal of control
...
This can be more easily seen through by using the following diagram
...
Ability and task difficulty are seen as being stable factors, effort and luck change
from time to time
...
Ability and effort are internal but task difficulty and
luck are seen as being external to the performer
...
This dimension relates to the intensity of a persons personal feelings
...
(http://findarticles
...
This theory was developed in 1953
...
This theory describes two factors which influence motivation
...
The personality factor splits people’s personalities into two main types
...
The people who fall into the Nach category tend to have some or all of the following
characteristics
...
They
are unconcered about failure and if they do fail they tend to blame their failure on
external factors e
...
“It was a bad pitch” “The weather was bad”
...
Any success they achieve is attributed to internal
factors e
...
“I played well”
...
People who show Naf characteristics will tend to be very different to Nach people
...
They worry
about failure a lot and when they fail they blame it on internal factors e
...
“I played
badly”
...
g
...
They will tend to display learned helplessness
(a feeling that failure is bound to happen and is uncontrollable) and adopt avoidance
behaviours
...
If probability of success is low then the incentive for the Nach people will be very
high
...
However if they are playing weak opposition then the incentive to win is low as it is
an easy task
...
Therefore Nach choose a 50/50 situation and are risk takers whilst, Naf choose easy
tasks where they are likely to come out on as the winners easily
...
HL125
Bibliography
Books:
Sport & PE: A Complete Guide to Advanced Level Study Third Edition (2005)
(Kevin Wesson, Nesta Wiggins-James, Sue Hartigan, Graham Thompson)
Websites:
http://en
...
org/wiki/Motivation
http://findarticles
...
com/p/articles/mi_qa3852/is_200201/ai_n9034375
http://chiron
...
edu/whuitt/col/motivation/motivate
...
org/explanations/theories/a_motivation
Title: Motivation
Description: Motivation for A level PE or First Year University
Description: Motivation for A level PE or First Year University