Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

Raymond Miller

15
...
13

Learning, Teaching and Assessment
Component 1: What is the impact of peer assessment on Key
Stage 3 learners in Physical Education, with a particular focus
on Special Educational Needs pupils?

Physical Education
15th March 2013

Word Count: 2198
Sue Walker

1

7007PG

Raymond Miller

15
...
13

Contents Page
1
...
3

2
...

2
...

2
...

2
...

2
...

2
...


4
4
4
5
6
7

3
...

3
...
……………
3
...

3
...
………

7
7
8
8

4
...
9

5
...
10

6
...
12

Sue Walker

2

7007PG

Raymond Miller

15
...
13

What is the impact of peer assessment on Key Stage 3 learners in
Physical Education, with a particular focus on Special Educational
Needs pupils?
1
...
I will examine various
different forms of formative assessment, drawing upon the views of academics and
existing research, to find the advantages and disadvantages of using this type of
assessment, when dealing with learners with Special Educational Needs (SEN) in
physical education (PE)
...
This will focus on how I plan to evaluate the
effectiveness of formative assessment, and to see what is the best method to use, in
order to support SEN learner attainment
...
Hramiak and Hudson (2011) suggest that, as well as being pupil
centred, formative assessment is useful by allowing the teacher to develop an idea
of how much the pupil is learning
...

The reason for choosing formative assessment for this research, has mainly been
due to my own experience, and the emphasis placed upon formative assessment
during my first placement
...
The DFES (2002) has been established, with an aim to create
opportunity, release potential and achieve excellence for all pupils
...


Sue Walker

3

7007PG

Raymond Miller

15
...
13

However, many physical education teachers believe that formative assessment is
not as useful a tool in PE, as in other subject areas
...

They also feel that assessing the physical ability of learners is a difficult process
(Kirk, 2001)
...


2
...
1 Assessment in teaching and Learning
“Assessment is an integral part of effective teaching and learning
...
It is inextricably linked to the curriculum, which provides
content and context of assessment” (www
...
org
...

When teachers want to see how much their pupils have learnt, assessment is seen
as an essential part of their teaching (Capel, 2008)
...
They suggest that not only does
assessment involve the teacher and learners, but within school, it also deals with
curriculum leaders, school managers and even governors
...

2
...
Summative
assessment is given occasionally, to determine at a particular point in time, what the
learners know and do not know
...

Green (2008) found that in physical education, for many years, assessment took the
form of end of term or end of year reports, which tended to be summative in nature
...
03
...
However, in
recent years, formative assessment has come to the forefront for PE teachers, and
for some it is used every day
...
Formative assessment promotes student attainment of knowledge
throughout a lesson, rather than just testing the knowledge they have obtained, at
the end of a unit
...
From this research I feel formative assessment is
more beneficial to pupils learning and attainment, therefore I will now look at the
advantages and disadvantages of different types of formative assessment
...
3 Peer assessment and Self-assessment
The two main forms of formative assessment are, peer assessment and selfassessment
...
(Sebba et al
...
With the use of clear criteria, the learners can understand what
they have to do to perform a skill at a good level, and the best way to achieve and
improve their performance (Lambert and Lines, 2000)
...
Self-assessment can also benefit the
teacher because it gives them an idea how well the pupil has understood the task
they have set (Headington, 2000)
...

When looking at peer assessment, there is lots of research to suggest the positive
effect it can have on pupils’ attainment
...
This then allows the learner to reflect on what they have done, and go
Sue Walker

5

7007PG

Raymond Miller

15
...
13

back and improve upon it straight away
...
McDonald (2000) supports this point, when he suggests
that, peer assessment provides the learners with a different responsibility in the
lesson
...
This can
enhance the knowledge of the learners’ own performance, of the same skill
...
Headington (2000)
found that peer assessment could develop a number of cross-curriculum skills within
learners
...
Capel and Whitehead (2010), and Mawer
(2005) also suggest that pupils not only enjoy peer assessment, but work well during
it, because they feel motivated when working with their friends
...
The validity and reliability of the feedback
that learners give to their peers has come into question, with suggestions that it may
not be accurate because pupils will not want to offend their friends (Broadfoot, 2007)
...
(2010) also found that peer assessment created social pressure within
classes, as some learners seen the assessment as a competition against their peers
rather than a method of improving their understanding
...
Is there evidence to back this up?
2
...
Meijer (2003) suggests
that what is good for pupils with special educational needs, is also good for all pupils
...
This also takes away from their own understanding of, not just what
they learn, but how they learn, and the best way for them to learn (Assessment
Reform Group, 1999)
...
03
...

Peer assessment leads itself to assessment of SEN because on-going assessment
provides an opportunity to view very small steps on a continual basis for both the
teacher and the learner
...
However, it must be noted that very little research around the
use of assessment for SEN has been carried out (Lynn and et al
...
When
looking specifically at assessing SEN pupils in physical education, is there any
research that would suggest it improves their learning?
2
...
Obviously different pupils will work at different
levels in PE, but over time, with the use of peer assessment, levels of independence
will rise and the speed of learning will increase
...

For SEN pupils, formative feedback, such as peer assessment, is very important
because it allows the teacher and the pupil to identify individual movement patterns
so that improvements can be made in PE class (Vickerman, 2010)
...
Methodology
3
...
Mills (2007) describes action research as, a methodical inquiry conducted
by teachers, with an interest in teaching and learning, with the purpose of gathering
information about how they teach and how their pupils learn
...
(2007)
also suggest that action research needs more systematic planning, observation and
reflections than in everyday life
...
The research

Sue Walker

7

7007PG

Raymond Miller

15
...
13

outcomes have been recognised and I have undertaken this research in the hope
that it will influence and improve my future practice
...
2 Data Collection
In order to collate data for this research project I have decided to use both
quantitative and qualitative data
...
This is different from qualitative data, which aims to find meaning
or qualities that cannot be measured, like feelings, thoughts or experiences (Gratton
and Jones, 2010)
...
I will give the pupils a baseline target level at the
start of the teaching episode, and assess them at the end, again using attainment
levels
...
My baseline testing duration will be a six-week scheme
of work
...
During each lesson I will use formative assessment to
evidence the learners progression
...

The qualitative data that I will collect will come in the form of questionnaires, which I
will give to the SEN pupils that I will be researching
...
However, Bryman
(2008) suggests that if respondents to questionnaires are having difficulty with
questions, because they may be unclear or ambiguous, there is no one there to help
them and the answers they give may not help with the research
...
3 Possible Limitations
There are some possible limitations to the research that I wish to carry out
...

However, I feel the duration of my baseline assessment will alleviate said limitations
...
Capel (2008) suggests that
Sue Walker

8

7007PG

Raymond Miller

15
...
13

criteria must be clear for the pupils to fully understand the task, and therefore
progress within the lesson
...

Another potential limitation is that the improvements the pupils make may not be
down to my teaching, but simply that they were always going to improve due to
getting older, stronger and more experienced
...

4
...

Research indicates that when using peer assessment, learners are able to receive
feedback almost immediately, which has been shown to improve learning
...
This
is true for all pupils, even those with special educational needs
...
By assessing the learners’ attainment levels, I should
be able to measure improvements in the pupils learning, and also develop my own
use of peer assessment for future practice
...


Sue Walker

9

7007PG

Raymond Miller

15
...
13

5
...

Cambridge: University of Cambridge School of Education
...
(2007) An Introduction to Assessment
...

 

Bryman, A
...

 

Capel, S
...
Routeledge Falmer: USA and Canada
...
and Whitehead, M
...
London: Routeledge
...
, Manion, L
...
(2007) Research Methods in Education
...
New York: Routledge
...
(2005) Meeting SEN in the Curriculum: PE/Sports
...

DFES (Department for Education and Skills: Britain) (2002) Removing Barriers to
Achievement, Annersley: DFES Publications
...
european-agency
...
pdf [Accessed 10th March 2013]
...
(2005) Improving Assessment Through Student Involvement
...

 

Garrison, C
...
(2007) Formative and summative assessments in
the classroom
...
amle
...
aspx
 

Gielen, S
...
Dochy, F
...
and Struyven, K
...
UK: Elsevier Ltd
...
Topsa, L
...
Onghenac, P
...
(2010) A
comparative study of peer and teacher feedback and of various peer feedback forms
in a secondary school writing curriculum, British Educational Research Journal, 36(1):
143–162
...
(2008) Understanding Physical Education, London: SAGE Publications
...
03
...
, (2000) Monitoring, Assessment, Recording, Reporting and
Accountability
...

 

Hramiak, A
...
(2011) Understanding Learning and Teaching in
Secondary Schools
...

Kirk
...
Presentation to the
annual conference of physical education associatoiin of Ireland
...
peai
...
html/
Kovač, M
...
Science of Gymnastics Journal
...

Lynn, S
...
et al
...

McDonald, J
...
9-17)
...
(2001) Formative Assessment and its Relevance to Retention, Higher
Education Research & Development, 20(2): 115-126
...
(1995) The Effective Teaching of Physical Education
...

Meijer, C
...
W
...
Summary
Report Middelfart: European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education
...
E
...
)
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall
...
R
...

Sebba, J
...
Yu, G
...
Harlen, W
...
(2008) Systematic
review of research evidence of the impact on students in secondary schools of self
and peer assessment
...
In: Research Evidence in Education
Library
...

Torrance, H
...
(1998) Investigating Formative Assessment: teaching,
learning and assessment in the classroom
...

Vickerman, P
...
U
...
A: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing

Sue Walker

11

7007PG

Raymond Miller

15
...
13

Vickerman, P
...
New York: Routledge
...
and Jurs, G
...

9th edition
...

Wilson, E
...
London:
SAGE publications
...
Appendices
6

---