Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.

Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.

My Basket

You have nothing in your shopping cart yet.

Title: A- Level Psychology / OCD
Description: AQA AS Level Psychology for the 2015-2016 Spec. Notes on the characteristics of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, biological causes of OCD and biological treatments.

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above


Characteristics of OCD: 
 
DSM-5 categories of OCD: 
The DSM system recognises OCD and a range of related disorders
...
 (Trichotillomania / Hoarding disorder / Excoriation disorder (compulsive skin 
picking)) 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Behavioural Characteristics of OCD: 
- COMPULSIONS: 
Are repetitive and reduce anxiety when carried out 
- AVOIDANCE: 
Suffers often try to avoid triggers in an attempt to keep their anxiety levels low
...
 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Emotional Characteristics of OCD: 
       -   ANXIETY AND DISTRESS 
Obsessions can be frightening and overwhelming
...
 
       -   ACCOMPANYING DEPRESSION 
Anxiety can be accompanied by a low mood and lack of enjoyment in activities
...
 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Cognitive Characteristics of OCD: 
- OBSESSIVE THOUGHTS 
For 90% of sufferers, this is the main aspect of their conditions
...
 
      -    COGNITIVE STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH OBSESSIONS 
Praying, meditation
...
 If they truly believed them, they’d 
have a totally different disorder
...
 These are often linked to serotonin systems
...
 
 
Further evidence suggests there could be a genetic vulnerability to OCD
...
 
 
MONOZYGOTIC 
= Identical 
1 sperm and 1 egg meet
...
 
Share 100% the same DNA 

DIZYGOTIC 
= Non-identical (fraternal) 
2 sperm and 2 eggs 
Share 50% DNA 

 

Nestadt et al (2010) 
This suggests that OCD has a genetic component
...
 However, if OCD were 
entirely caused by genetics, we would expect to see a concordance rate of 100% in 
MZ twins because they are genetically identical
...
 
 
However, it has been argued that MZ twins tend to be treated more like one individual 
than DZ twins
...
 
 
 
 
 

 
Biological Explanations of OCD: 
 
Diathesis Stress Model: 
Likely that the genetic explanation is a predisposing factor - a combination of genes 
and environmental factors
...
 
 
SAXENA AND RAUCH (2000) 
- reviewed neuroimaging studies of OCD patients and found increased activity in 
the OFC than in non-sufferers
...
 
 
Serotonin​
 - responsible for regulation of mood
...
 They work by manipulating levels of 
these neurotransmitters
...
 Can also use exposure therapy 
(similar to treatments of phobia) 
 
Most drugs work by interfering with events at the synapse: 
1) Neurons release neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft 
2) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors and activates them 
3) Enzymes (monoamine oxidase) are released to break down the excess 
neurotransmitter 
4) Excess neurotransmitter is taken up by the presynaptic neuron 
5) Neurons are replenished with new and reused neurotransmitter 
 
SSRIs - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors 
- Inhibit steps 4 and 5 and encourage serotonin to be absorbed by the receiving 
neuron instead of the presynaptic neuron 
- This means that serotonin stays in the synapse longer and increases the 
amount of serotonin being absorbed by the receptors
...
 They tend to be a last 
resort - used only in extreme cases
Title: A- Level Psychology / OCD
Description: AQA AS Level Psychology for the 2015-2016 Spec. Notes on the characteristics of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, biological causes of OCD and biological treatments.