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Petrochemical
Filtration

Engineering:

Mud

1

Summary
The objective of the experiment is
to study the effect of the pressure
on the filter pressure filtration
and to study the specific cake
resistance
and
the
apparent
particle the effect of the pressure
on the filtration and the cake
resistance
...
The filter
press produce the specific cake
resistance
and
the
apparent
particle diameter the effect of
pressure on the filtration rate and
cake resistance
...
The
maintenance of the unit is cheap
therefore its economical
...
It is equally suitable if
the feed flow is liquid or cake as
the
main
product
...


2

Introduction
To
determine
the
following
parameter, two different feed
pressure and the specific cake
resistance,
apparent
cake
resistance
and
the
apparent
diameter
...
In the
industrial scale use, the filter
press in used in different area for
example paper printing press,
packing design, food products, etc
...
When the fluid passes
through the as a clear liquid
therefore
allow
the
filtrate
system to run till the fluid turns
transparent
...
During this
process the pressure drops the
function of the slots acts like a
wall membrane which is a function
of the fluid property density,
viscosity, voidage, the area of the
cake and the thickness, also the
size of the particle will affect the
filter press
...
45g
and the first run the mat weighed
46
...


comparing

both

Filter press in used many areas and
have
multiple
function,
the
primary usage of a filter press is
aas fixed volume batch pressure
filter most of the filter press its
designed to hold a certain specific
amount of solid particle and to keep
the unit accurate the cycle must be
finished before using for the next
experiment
...
The use of membrane
filter allows the engineering to
study the cake resistance and can
produce a dryer cake in a shorter
time, this is done by pressing
additional fluid from the filter
cake
...
The
frame filter allows the for a large
filtrate area
...
The experiment
allows for the cake or the liquid
to the main product of the
experiment
...
In order
to
successfully
achieve
and
accurate gathering data
...
The
second objective was to determine
the effect of the pressure has on
filtration rate and the cake
resistance and thickness
...
–final t calc)/(final t
calc)

The theoretical graph
T /
 V versus total V at
different values of P

Experimental diagram

The filter press system
Combination plate
Frame filter pads
Measuring cylinder
Stop watch
Drying rack and oven heater
Calcium carbonate powder
Micro weighing scale
Frame filter press

Pre set the unit therefore a quick run using water just to ensure the pumps and the pressure control
through the feed stream to get the correct specification and also it clean the system
...
Once the pressure is et to the correct filter is distributed from
the tank and the into the combination plate filter membrane there is a plate frame have been fitted
with the frame plate to enable the cake to be formed when the chamber is full

5

Experimental procedure
There are filter plates could be
operated, we set the one that we are
using so that only the specific
plate was operated
...
06 for the first
experiment and 41
...

The circulated pump installed in
the filter press ensured that the
solute was continuously agitating
in the solvent
The feed stream pressure when
filtering the slurry at a constant
pressure of 1 bar and collected the
filtrate in six run for the both of
the experiment 1800 ml measuring
cylinder, the cylinder us used to
measure how long it took to fill the
measuring cylinder for each six run

Shut the system down and close the
pressure valve
Afterwards all six run run are
measured, Air is blew through the
filter press to remove any excess
filtrate
Unscrew the filtrate mat from the
filter frame and check the solid
particle
calcium
carbonate
formation, after dry the mat using
a oven heater, this could take a few
hours to get an accurate result on

6

the reading
...
45 grams lighter
and the pressure is increased by 1
bar therefore 3 bars
Experimental observation
The calcium carbonate powder has
added to the water inside the tank
which results the agitation of the
circulation pump
...
The constant
mixing is automatic in the unit but
the pressure applied is done manual
and therefore keeping an eye on the
pressure gauge to keep the pressure
constant because once the pressure
gauge is set, it fluctuates above
and below the specified pressure
...

Any values that are different from
theoretical value are human error
...

The unit when the fluid starts so
flow in the filter plates there is
a slight water leakage of water
around the filter plate once the
experiment finishes the pressure
stream is applied to get rid of any
excess filtrate and fluid that may
remain on the porous of the mat
...
06 g

Total
Slurry
Pressure
Total time
Volume Volume increment
Concentration Difference (bar)
(s)
Time increment (s)
(L)
(L)
20
2
91
...
8
0
...
002
20
2
270
178
...
004
0
...
8
214
...
006
0
...
2
0
...
002
20
2
930
246
0
...
002
20
2
1224
...
6
0
...
002
Time increment

Time
increment
45
...
1
107
...
6
123
147
...
002
0
...
006
0
...
012
0
...
45 g

Total
Slurry
Pressure
Total time
Volume Volume increment
Concentration Difference (bar)
(s)
Time increment (s)
(L)
(L)
20
3
65
...
4
0
...
002
20
3
144
...
2
0
...
002
20
3
259
...
2
0
...
002
20
3
385
...
008
0
...
2
161
...
01
0
...
6
146
...
012
0
...
7
39
...
6
63
80
...
2

Volume
increment
0
...
004
0
...
008
0
...
012

7

The graph Gradient

Rise
Run
Gradient

Time increment vs the volume increment

8

101
...
01
10140

The graph Gradient

Rise
Run
Gradient

40
...
01
4050

The time increment vs the volume increment

9

Calculation sheet for the filter press experiment

cake mass
cake area
cake depth
pb
ps
1-e
e
graph rise
graph run
graph gradient
vP
mvP
w
u
a
5(1-e)/(pse^3)
s^2
s
x
Sp cake resis b
y intercept

units
kg
m^2
m
kgm^-3
kgm^-3
m^-3s
m^3
m^-6s
pa
kgm^-7s
^-1
kgm^-3
pa s
kg^-1m
kg^-1m^
3
m^-2
m^-1
m
kgm^-7s
^-1
m^-3s
kgm^-4s
^-1
m^3

cloth resist a
v'
graph check:Final vol
m^3
final t (calc)
s
Final t (measured) s
%error in t calc

10

Run 1
0
...
0324
0
...
105624
2800
0
...
397462277
101
...
01
10140
100000

Run 2
0
...
0324
0
...
211978
2800
0
...
375281436
40
...
01
4050
200000

1014000000
20
1
53222
...
28

0
...
626
1762
...
003404525

0
...
304
1419
...
004227575

507000000
120130

405000000
59100

12013000000
11
...
59259259

0
...
29008
3196
1
...
012
709
...
107859205

Sample calculation
Concentration slurry
Mass of calcium carbonate = 500 g
Volume of water = 25 li tres
0
...
025 = 20 mols

46
...
3 - 45
...
4
Run = 0
...
002 = 0
...
4 / 0
...
45 g
Rise = 73
...
7 = 40
...
012 - 0
...
010
Gradient = 40
...
010 = 4050

Total time = 91
...
8 = 178
...
002
4 / 1000 = 0
...
006
Volume increment
2 / 1000 = 0
...
45 g Filter mat
Time increment
Total time = 65
...
6 sec
144
...
4 = 79
...
002
4 / 1000 = 0
...
006
Volume increment
2 / 1000 = 0
...
06 g
Time increment
Time increment = 91
...
002

(91
...
002)/1000 = 45
...
24598/(0
...
0045) =
1687
...
4 / 0
...
004*0
...
324/20)-0
...
00575 m3
final calculated time
((1
...
012) +
(1
...
012 / 10^5 =
1442
...
29008) / 1442
...
215920392

12

Discussion
The filtrate mat 46
...

The
data
includes
the
concentration, the total volume
collected, total time and time
increment
...
The concentration of the
slurry was calculated using the
mass of the calcium carbonate and
the volume of the water
...
The
second experiment has the same
process but the filtrate mat was
lighter 41
...
Calculation

sheet for the filter press
experiment is highlighted using

the third table which consist all
of the dimension values that were
measured using the dry filtrate
cake
...
45 g therefore
the increase in pressure shows the
increase in rate of filtration
...

One of the objective of the
experiment is to measure the cake
resistance
...
06 g, the cake
resistance 109626436
...
45 g, the cake resistance
186930763
...
The pressure increase
and the specific cake resistance
increases
...
5015*10-5 m for the first run and
the second run 6
...


as

Time increment vs the volume
increment graph for the 46
...

The pressure was kept constant
throughout the experiment 2 bar,
the graph is a linear therefore as
the time increment increase the
volume increment increase also
resulting in positive correlation
...
The result has anomaly on the
o
...
Also the graph
allowed for the calculation of the
gradient 10140
...
45 g time increment divided by
the volume increment, the pressure
3 bar the graph is a linear
therefore as the time increment
increase the volume increment
increase
also
resulting
in
positive correlation
...
The graph has
less steep slope to the graph and
therefore the gradient can be
calculated 4050 as the pressure
increase there is a decrease in the
gradient therefore there is the
same amount of volume collected
over the same duration
...
To
find out the area of the dry plate,
gradient of the graph , the

13

concentration
of
the
calcium
carbonate and the viscosity of the
fluid are all needed for the
parameter
...
The percentage
error obtained by the experiment
can be contributed by human error
and the pressure has slight
fluctuation during the experiment
...
The
decrease indicate in the particle
that ensured an increase in the rate
of filtration
...

The percentage error was done using
the filter mat resistance, filter
cake resistance and the final
volume
...
06 g the theoretical
value 1442
...
2 % and for
the 41
...
4916 final time the
percentage error was 2
...
Judging
from the error the graph is accurate
...


14

Conclusion
The experiment highlighted two
different pressure, the objective
is to find out the specific cake
resistance
and
the
apparent
particle diameter at 2 and 3 bar,
The specific cake resistance shows
as the pressure increase so did the
cake resistance
The apparent particle diameter had
the opposite result therefore as
the
pressure
increased
the
apparent particle decreased hence
more particle can be filtered
through so the filtration rate
increases
The
cake
thickness
also
increased , the slurry deposit into
the filter mat has increased
therefore
an
increase
in
filtration
The
experiment
yielded
low
percentage error therefore the
graph and the result is accurate,
the pressure fluctuation, the
measurement of the cylinder and the
time response

15

Nomenclature

Symbol
A
m
P
V
x
Φ
µ
W
∆

16

Quantity
Area
Mass flow rate
Pressure
(absolute)
Specific volume
Time interval
Relative humidity
Percentage
saturation
Specific humidity
Change or
difference

Unit
m²
kg s-1
N m-² or pa
m³kgˉ¹
s
Dimensionless
Dimensionless
dimensionless
Dimensionless

Reference
Chemical
Engineering
Vol
2,
Coulson and Richardson, 4th ed, pg
136
London south bank university,
Petroleum engineering design and
practice EAC-5-115, fluid and
rocks workshop guide, filter press,
procedure and theory
www
...
com/ind,
unit parts and functionality of the
filter press
Recommendation for proper plate
filter press operation, page 5 and
4
R
...
Larkai, Laboratory studies:
Thermal & Fluid particle systems,
Filter Press (Lab E127)

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