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Chapter 8
Challenges to Democracy
 Challenges Before Democracy
 Foundational challenge
 The challenge of making the transition to democracy and then instituting
democratic government
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 Challenge of expansion
 The basic principle of democratic government must be applied across all the
regions, different social groups and various institutions
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 Greater powers should be given to the federating units along with women and
various other marginalized classes
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 Political Reforms
 Democratic reforms must be carried out mainly by political activists, parties, movements
and politically conscious citizens and not by formulating laws at every instance
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 Laws must empower people to carry out democratic reforms
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 Political reforms should be properly implemented in areas that need them
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 Elections must be free and fair for all the citizens
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