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Title: Chaucer -- The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale notes
Description: Notes include contextual information as well as a summary of poetic techniques and rhetoric used in the Tale. These notes are divided into themes/motifs found in the Tale, and quotations and analysis are given for each theme. Suitable primarily for A Level or Pre-U students, or anyone else studying the Tale.
Description: Notes include contextual information as well as a summary of poetic techniques and rhetoric used in the Tale. These notes are divided into themes/motifs found in the Tale, and quotations and analysis are given for each theme. Suitable primarily for A Level or Pre-U students, or anyone else studying the Tale.
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Chaucer: The Pardoner’s Tale
Context
The Tale
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The tale told by the Pardoner is not original
eg
...
Wore a
simple coat
The Wife of Bath an enthusiastic pilgrim
○ Listed the places she had visited like a seasoned travelled determined to visit as many tourist
attractions as possible
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Chaucer was able to point out the way in which attitudes and standards were changing and old values
were being lost
Pardoners
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God’s absolution of the penitent’s guilt could only be pronounced by the priest
A penitent must: repent their sins, confess them to a priest, be prepared to carry out the penance or
punishment imposed by the priest
Penances in the middle ages were very severe, but money could be paid as a substitute
The money could then be used by the church for religious and charitable purposes
The Pardoner was tempted to exploit the system for his own purposes
○ Trading upon people’s beliefs and fears
The Pardoner is not a clergyman this is known by the other pilgrims
He has no right to pronounce absolution for people’s sins and no right to preach
Sermons
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The people had the example of their priest and had sermons to watch and listen to
Preaching was a highly developed technique
There was an agreed structure written in manuals of instruction
Normally six parts to the sermon:
○ The statement of the theme (
Radix malorum est cupiditas)
○ Introduction
○ Illustrative story an example relevant to people’s lives
○ Development examination and explanation of the text
○ Discussion of the application of the text to people’s lives
○ Conclusion and blessing
Backed up by smaller examples from the scriptures etc
...
/ Now wol I yow deffenden hasardrye” structuring
his sermon but also ensuring that sin is at the heart of it constant reminders
○ Repetition of his theme “Radix malorum est Cupiditas”
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Use of allusion and reference
○ Idea of good storytelling and rhetoric he uses references to support and flesh out his
argument
○ Wants to show that he is intelligent and has access to obscure references
■ expects the audience to be ignorant
■ “Nat Samuel, but Lamuel, saye I”
○ “Ant in Latin I speke a wordes fewe, / To saffron with my predicacioun” embellished
language, allusions emphasise his intent
...
Pardoner stretches his neck like a dove “As dooth a dowve
sittinge on a berne” line 111
Describes himself in terms which evoke a snake
○ “I stinge hym with my tonge smerte” and “spitte I out my venym” line 127, 135
○ An animal which tempts Eve to eat the forbidden fruit in Genesis
Allusion to St Paul the hermit, a saint who was said to have made baskets for a living
○ “I wol nat … make baskettes” line 159
○ Says that he “wol noon of the apostles countrefete” line 161 will not imitate the practices of
any of the apostles
○ Although St Paul the apostle is different from St Paul the hermit
The Pardoner swears often
○ “By God” line 171
○ “for the love of Crist” line 372
Blasphemy represented as physical torture:
○ “Oure blissed Lordes body they totere” line 188
○ “Cristes blessed body al torente” line 423
Emphasis that Looth’s behaviour is unnatural going against God
○ “unkindely” line 199
Claims that gambling will lead to blasphemy (among other sins)
○ “Hasard is verray mooder of … Blaspheme of Crist” lines 3057
The Pardoner condemns blasphemy (“swering”)
○ “Gret swering is a thing abhominable” unnatural, disgusting; line 345
○ “fals swering is yet moore reprevable” line 346
○ Forbidden by God “God forbad swering at al” line 347
Reiterates importance of blasphemy
○ “rather he forbedeth swich swering, / Than homicide” swearing is worse than murder as listen
in the 10 commandments; importance of blasphemy; line 3578
Despite condemning blasphemy, the Pardoner repeats all of the oaths one should not say
○ “By Goddes precious herte”; “By his nailes”; “By the blood of Crist”; “By Goddes armes” line
3658
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The tale Instant blasphemy, “By seinte Marie” reasonably strong oath, line 399
Despite warnings from the boy and the innkeeper, there is instant
blasphemy from the “riotours”
○ “To been avised greet wisdom it were” warning, line 404
○ “Ye, Goddes armes!” rioter, line 406
○ “I make avow to Goddes digne bones!” line 409
○ “By Goddes dignitee” line 415
○ “Now, lordes, God yow see!” warning from the old man, plight, religious address; line 429
○ “God be with yow” like a blessing, old man; then again “God save yow”; line 462, 480
○ The rioter swears immediately after “by God” line 464
○ Persistent refusal to take instruction
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“by Seint John” less strong oath, but can still be considered blasphemous? line 466
“By God, and by the hooly sacrement” line 471
“Goddes precious dignitee!” line 496
■ contrasts with holy overtones of “grace” line 498
○ “O Lord!” line 554
Take on God’s role in trying to kill Death
○ “we wol sleen this false traitour Deeth
...
Have no sense of morality
...
Surprisingly honest to the pilgrims?
○ gives a reason for using examples “lewed peple loven tales olde” line 151
Extravagantly proves his right to pardon line 4954
○ “my bulles shewe I, alle and some”
○ “lige lordes seel”; “Bulles of popes and of cardinales” the claim that the documents are
signed by the Pope makes the papers less likely to be authentic, as it is unlikely that a figure of
such high authority signed the papers of some random Pardoner
○ “I assoille him by the auctoritee / Which that by bulle ygraunted was to me” line 1012
■ reiterates his authenticity
...
Biblical and classical stories
A long digression from the story just to use examples and underline the extent of his
knowledge
○ Looth, Herodes, Senec, “Attilla, the grete conquerour”
● “Nat Samuel, but Lamuel, seye I” keen to point out that he is aware of a more obscure
Biblical figure, “Lamuel”, and not Samuel a more wellknown figure
...
■ emphasises the unity of Pardoners “brethren”
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Snake metaphor (serpent in Eden); line 135
Admits he is guilty of avarice “though myself be gilty in that sinne” to appear more human and
sympathetic? line 143
○ “though myself be a ful vicious man” line 173
Intertwines the sins to emphasise their importance
○ Use of lists: “riot, hasard, stywes, and tavernes” line 179
■ lists could also have been used to capture the attention of the audience and
emphasise the point, as the sermons were spoken
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The story is distorted; lines 2025
○ “Corrupt was al this world for glotonye” disobedience was the cause of the fall of mankind
...
Again a link with the holy and religious; line 376
○ “Now, lordes, God yow see!” a reminder from the old man; line 429
Uses the sound effect of snoring, “Sampsoun, Sampsoun” to make his story more memorable
Describes the tale as a “sermone” to remind his listeners that it is told to affect their behaviour
Commands the audience to come to him for pardon, “Cometh up” line 624
Underlines the importance of having a pardoner to hand in case people die before absolution
○ “It is an honour … That ye mowe have a suffisant pardoneer / T’assoille yow” line 6457
Uses the host as an example
○ Daring suggestion that he is “moost envoluped in sinne” line 656
The presentation of the Pardoner
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Associated with the summoner “With him ther rood a gentil Pardoner” both corrupt and disgusting
people from the Churc; line 671 GP
Very feminine
○ “hadde heer … smothe it heend as dooth a strike of flex” line 6778 GP
■ Not only very feminine appearance, but also priests and other church officials were
not allowed to have long hair
...
Claims he came straight from Rome, “streight was comen fro the court of Rome” line 673 GP
○ does not elaborate, a change of focus follows immediately after
Pardoner and Summoner signing a love some “Com hider, love, to me!” suggestive of a homosexual
affair between them
Overdemonstrating his relics, “Bretful of pardoun” line 689
○ overcompensation for not being genuine
○ “al hoot” too new for authentic relics, suspicious
Repetition of “he seyde” Chaucer suggesting that the Pardoner was a liar, deceitful
“feyned flaterye and japes” manipulative, dishonest, cunning, shrewd
...
36
Ironic that he calls his work “Cristes hooly werk” despite confessing his methods to the pilgrims, line 54
Confesses to telling “false japes” to charm his audience
Repeatedly confesses that his intention and aim in preaching is to earn as much money as possible
○ Confesses that his “entente is nat but for to winne” and “nothing for correccioun of sinne” line
1178
○ The rhyme of “winne” and “sinne” emphasises that the Pardoner himself is sinning
○ “I preche of no thing but for coveitise” line 138, and repeated line 147
○ “By this gaude have I wonne, yeer by yeer, / A hundred mark sith I was pardoner” line 1034
■ arrogant to show off how much money he has earned
○ “winne gold and silver for I teche” mentioning both kinds of coins puts an emphasis on
money line 154
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“under hewe / Of hoolinesse” clearly reveals his lack of religion
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Calling out for nurturing
○ “Leeve mooder, leet me in!” line 445
Alternative view of Death:
○ “she wol nat do that grace” favour, holy overtones
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○ He is respectful “sires”; whereas they insult him “olde cherl”
○ Addresses them as “ye” and “yourself,” whereas they choose an informal” thou”
Wellread refers to the Bible, “In Hooly Writ ye may yourself wel rede”
They distort the old man’s presentation and story
○ “false theef” presenting him as thief of life
○ “thou art his espye” ignored the old man’s story
Offers them “this croked wey” mixture of literal and symbolic
Title: Chaucer -- The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale notes
Description: Notes include contextual information as well as a summary of poetic techniques and rhetoric used in the Tale. These notes are divided into themes/motifs found in the Tale, and quotations and analysis are given for each theme. Suitable primarily for A Level or Pre-U students, or anyone else studying the Tale.
Description: Notes include contextual information as well as a summary of poetic techniques and rhetoric used in the Tale. These notes are divided into themes/motifs found in the Tale, and quotations and analysis are given for each theme. Suitable primarily for A Level or Pre-U students, or anyone else studying the Tale.