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Title: Elements
Description: Notes from the textbook "Modern Chemistry” by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Chapter 1: Matter and Change; Section 3: Elements
Description: Notes from the textbook "Modern Chemistry” by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Chapter 1: Matter and Change; Section 3: Elements
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Elements
Introduction to the Periodic Table
Each small square of the periodic table shows the symbol for the element and the atomic number
...
Notice that they are numbered from 1 to 18
from left to right
...
The horizontal rows of elements in the
periodic table are called periods
...
Elements that are close to each other in the same period tend to be more similar than elements that are further apart
...
These metallic elements fit into the table just after elements 57 and 89
...
Types of Elements
The periodic table is broadly divided into two main sections: metals and nonmetals
...
The nonmetals are toward the right
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Metals
There are some properties of metals such as their shininess, or metallic luster
...
Thus, a metal is an element that is
a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor
...
Metals also tend to be ductile, which means that they can be drawn into a fine
wire
...
Although all metals conduct electricity well, metals also have very diverse properties
...
Copper: A Typical Metal
Copper has a characteristic reddish color and a metallic luster
...
Copper conducts electricity with little loss of energy
...
When heated, it reacts with oxygen in air
...
Green coating on a piece of weathered
copper comes from the reaction of copper and oxygen, carbon dioxide, and sulfur compounds
...
Nonmetals
Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature
...
One nonmetal,
bromine, is a liquid
...
Low conductivity can
be used to define nonmetals
...
Phosphorus: A Typical Nonmetal
Phosphorus is one of five solid nonmetals
...
Red phosphorus is a dark
red powder and white phosphorus
...
Phosphorus is too reactive to exist in pure form in nature
...
All living things contain phosphorus
...
A metalloid is an element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals
...
Metalloids tend to be semiconductors of electricity
...
Metalloids are used in the solid state circuitry found in desktop computers, digital
watches, televisions, and radios
...
These elements are generally unreactive
...
Low reactivity makes the
noble gases very different from the other families of elements
...
Neon,
argon, krypton, and xenon are all used in lighting while helium is used in party balloons and weather balloons because it is
less dense than air
Title: Elements
Description: Notes from the textbook "Modern Chemistry” by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Chapter 1: Matter and Change; Section 3: Elements
Description: Notes from the textbook "Modern Chemistry” by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Chapter 1: Matter and Change; Section 3: Elements