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Sunday, February 21, 2016

Digestion Large Intestine
Large Intestine

- Contains friendly bacteria
- No digestion happens
- Absorption of water takes place
Absorption + Production of Vitamins

- The bacteria live on undigested food material
• They produce:
- Vitamin K (Blood Clotting)
- B Vitamins
- If prolonged doses of antibiotics are given they can destroy intestinal bacteria
• This can result in a vitamin K deficiency
Elimination

- Removal of undigested + indigestible material = feces
Gross Anatomy

- 1
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5cm (3in) wide
- Larger diameter + thinner walls than small intestine
- The boundary between sm + lg intestines is guarded by ileocecal valve
Landmarks

- Chyme enters cecum (an expanded chamber)
- The vermiform appendix - Slender attachment to cecum
• If inflamed = appendicitis
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Sunday, February 21, 2016

- The cecum is the first part of the ascending colon
- Ascending Colon
• Accends up right side of abdominal cavity to liver
- Right colic flexure (Hepatic Flexure)
• Transition to the transverse colon
- Transverse Colon
• Continues to the left
• Near the spleen it turns caudally
• Makes the left colic flexure
- Descending Colon
• Begins + travels downward along left side
• Curves + recurves forming sigmoid colon
- Sigmoid Colon
• Ends at rectum
- Elimination happens though the anus
- Rectum
• Last 15cm (6in) of GI tract
• Ends in an area with longitudinal folds
- Anus
• Opening in the rectum
• Composed of:
- Internal Anal Sphincter
- External Anal Sphincter
• Skeletal Muscle, Voluntary control

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Sunday, February 21, 2016

Movement of Material

- Movement is very slow through ascending colon
• This allows for water absorption
- From the transverse colon on
• Movement is done by powerful peristaltic movements
- These contractions force the contents into the rectum
• Produce the urge to defecate

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