Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

'Globalization (or globalisation) is the process of international integration arising from the
interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture
...
Though scholars place
the origins of globalization in modern times, others trace its history long before the European
Age of Discovery and voyages to the New World
...
Large-scale globalization began in the 19th century
...

The concept of globalization is a very recent term, only establishing its current meaning in
the 1970s, which 'emerged from the intersection of four interrelated sets of "communities of
practice": academics, journalists, publishers/editors, and librarians
...
Further, environmental challenges such as global warming,
cross-boundary water and air pollution, and over-fishing of the ocean are linked with
globalization
...


Overview
Humans have interacted over long distances for thousands of years
...
In both the 15th and 16th centuries, Europeans made important
discoveries in their exploration of the oceans, including the start of transatlantic travel to the
"New World" of the Americas
...
Early on in the 19th century, the development of new
forms of transportation (such as the steamship and railroads) and telecommunications that
"compressed" time and space allowed for increasingly rapid rates of global interchange
...
The advent of electronic communications, most notably mobile phones and the
Internet, connected billions of people in new ways by the year 2010
...
International business includes all commercial
transactions (private sales, investments, logistics, and transportation) that take place between
two or more regions, countries and nations beyond their political boundaries
...
Usually, private companies

undertake such transactions for profit
...

International business arrangements have led to the formation of multinational enterprises
(MNE), companies that have a worldwide approach to markets and production or one with
operations in more than one country
...
Well known MNCs include fast food companies
such as McDonald's and Yum Brands, vehicle manufacturers such as General Motors, Ford
Motor Company and Toyota, consumer electronics companies like Samsung, LG and Sony,
and energy companies such as ExxonMobil, Shell and BP
...

Businesses generally argue that survival in the new global marketplace requires companies to
source goods, services, labor and materials overseas to continuously upgrade their products
and technology in order to survive increased competition
...
5 times the level in 1990

---