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Electricity
Electric potential: The Electric potential of a point in an electric field is defined as the work
to be done to move a unit positive charge from infinity to that point
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The distribution of charge in a body is measured in coulombs
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Following is the relation between charge on the body (Q), number of electrons (n) and
charge on an electron (e)
Q = ne
The SI unit of electric charge is coulomb, denoted by the letter ‘C’
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The SI unit of current (I) is taken as ampere
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The bulb will glow or the magnetic needle will show deflection if the liquid in the beaker is a
good conductor of electricity
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Good conductor
Lemon Juice

Poor conductor
Coal tar

Vinegar
Acid solutions
Basic solutions
Salty water ( Tap water, sea
water

Distilled water
Honey
Vegetable oil
Kerosene

Conducting liquids are also called electrolytes
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causes chemical

Ohm’ law: Under constant physical conditions

, the current flowing through a conductor is
directly proportional to the potential difference across the conductor
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In conductors, flow of electrons constitute current
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The negative terminal of a battery is said to be at lower potential
and the positive terminal is said to be at higher potential
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Unit (ρ) → Ω-m
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Both the resistivity and the resistance of a material vary with temperature
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Greater the deflection of needle or brighter the light, better is the conductivity of the liquid
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The electric current passing through a conducting liquid
reactions

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+R n
Resistance in parallel connection

Joule’s heating law suggests that heat produced in a resistor is directly proportional to the
1
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e
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resistance of the resistor i
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, H R
3
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e
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Electroplating is the process of coating a metal using electric current and electrolyte
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Electroplating can be used to give shiny and scratch proof finish
to
objects made from cheaper metals
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Electric power: Electric power is defined as the rate of consumption of energy or simply
the rate of doing work
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1 Unit – 1 kWh = 3

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