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Notes from the Museum


String instruments:
• Cittern: 15th and 16th centuries
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Made of maple and spruce soundboard
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• Treble Viol: Strings are made from gut and bowed, the gut frets are tired
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In late 16th century and early 17th
century English viols
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• Renaissance Lute: 25 ribs of yew wood with a spruce soundboard
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Makes a beautiful rounded sound
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Characteristics:
• Shakespeare makes reference to music and musical instruments- often using
them in his plays for their symbolism” – Associated with the movement of the
stars and planets and Shakespeare used this idea
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”
• Romantic comedies were rich with references to music
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This may have been percussive
music to suggest a battle scene, or music to evoke a party atmosphere like
the first meeting between Romeo and Juliet, Sometimes music was exotic and
sinister, as when hautboys are played under the stage in Antony and
Cleopatra to signify the god Hercules forsaking Antony
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When Paulina calls for music at the end of the Winter’s Tale, the
music itself seems to bring the status of Hermione to life
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Bag pipes: Made from plum or boxwoods
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Military Drum: laminated birch sheet
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Descant, Alto and Tenor Recorders: 16th and 17th century
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Smaller ones from boxwood, plum or cherry
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Fuller and richer sound, limited upper range
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Head is calf vellum, stretched and
fitted by hand
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WIND INSTRUMENTS:

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Bass Cortal: ancestor to bassoon
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Two brass keys
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Natural Trumpet: based on several models in the 16th century in Germany
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Differences- back bow
is cylindrical, bell is more conical
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Shakespeares company a a group of musicians within the Blackfriars theatre in
1608
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In
plays like the tempest, musicians could play both outdoors at the Globe and indoors
at the Blackfriars
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Theatre music was often
performed un=scored
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When string instruments and wind instruments were combined in a broken
consort- they would echo each other rather than play in harmony
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Elizabethan Musicians-
Professors hired by the acting companies and the actors themselves
Musical skill was common among actors, ladies and training
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Poor Law of 1572- Musicians without a patron
risked imprisonment, flogging and death
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Trumpeters at Shakespeare’s Globe had much to do
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Trumpt calls were the ceremonial way to
herald events on stage
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Signals:
• Clap on your saddles
• Mount up
• Go to the standard
• March
• Fall upon the enemy
• Change the watch





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