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Title: fluid mechanics
Description: its all about fluid mechanics ,.

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Engineering Fluid Mechanics
Solution Manual
Prof
...
T
...
T
...
Al-Shemmeri

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution
Manual

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
T
...
Al-Shemmeri & bookboon
...
com

3

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Contents

Contents


Book Description:

5



Author Details:

5

1

Chapter One Tutorial Problems

6

2

Chapter Two Tutorial Problems

13

3

Chapter Three Tutorial Problems

21

4

Chapter Four Tutorial Problems

28

5

Chapter Five Tutorial Problems

31



Sample Examination Paper

33



Class Test – Fluid Mechanics

34



Formulae Sheet

44



I joined MITAS because
I wanted real responsibili�
I joined MITAS because
I wanted real responsibili�

Real work
International
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or

�e Graduate Programme
for Engineers and Geoscientists

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4

�e G
for Engine

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Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Book Description

Book Description:
Title – Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual
Author – Prof
...
T
...

The book is complimentary follow up for the book “Engineering Fluid Mechanics” also published on
BOOKBOON, presenting the solutions to tutorial problems, to help students the option to see if they
got the correct answers, and if not, where they went wrong, and change it to get the correct answers
...

Current research interests in Renewable Energy and Environmental Technology
...


Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
1

Show that the kinematic viscosity has the primary dimensions of L2T-1
...

The density has units of mass (kg) divided by volume (m3); whereas the dynamic viscosity has the units
of mass (kg) per meter (m) per time (s)
...
2  a fluid the velocity measured at a distance of 75mm from the boundary is 1
...
The fluid
In
has absolute viscosity 0
...
913
...

[Ans: 15 s-1, 0
...
s; 5
...
com

6

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter One Tutorial Problems

1
...
If the diameter of the piston
is 10 mm, determine the required weight to create a pressure of 2 bars
...
6 kg]

Solution:
(a)

P = F/A

Hence the weight

=PxA/g



= 2 x 105 x7
...
81

= 1
...
com

7

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter One Tutorial Problems

1
...
5 bar?
Take the density of ocean water, r = 1025 kg/m3
...
75 m]
Solution:
Use the static equation:
Hence the depth can be calculated as:

1
...
g
...
com

8

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter One Tutorial Problems

Solution:
The relationship between liquid columns and the area of cross section is based on the conservation of
matter, ie continuity equation, hence:
volume 1 = volume 2

For the “U” tube manometer that the height different in the two columns gives the pressure difference,
therefore:

hence

Clearly if D is very much larger than d then (d/D)2 is very small so

1
...
25 m diameter is immersed in sewage water (density 1200 kg/m3) such
A
that its greatest and least depths are 1
...
60 m respectively
...
com

9

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter One Tutorial Problems

Solution:
Area of laminar

Depth to centroid

Resultant Force
F

= r g A hc = 9
...
228 x 1
...
job
...
dk

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...
7  rectangular block of wood, floats with one face horizontal in a fluid (RD = 0
...
The wood’s
A
density is 750 kg/m3
...

[Ans: 17%]
Solution:

For stable condition
Upthrust = weight force or
F=W
The Upthrust due to Buoyancy = rseawater g Vx
The total weight of submersed wood = rwood g VL
Therefore the portion of block that is NOT submerged is
1- Vx/VL = (rwood / rwater ) = 1 - 750 / 900 = 17%

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...
8  empty balloon and its equipment weight 50 kg, is inflated to a diameter of 6m, with a gas
An
of density 0
...
What is the maximum weight of cargo that can be lifted on this balloon,
if air density is assumed constant at 1
...
86 kg]
Solution:

Since the system is stable according to Newton’s second law of motion:
Upthrust

= Weight force + Payload

The Upthrust is F

= r x g xVL = 1
...
81 x(px(4/3)x33) =1331
...
6 x 9
...
81 = 490
...
4 – (666 + 490
...
9 kg
...
com

12

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter Two Tutorial Problems

2 Chapter Two Tutorial Problems
2
...

If the velocity in the 10 mm pipe is 0
...
6 m/s, calculate the
rate of flow in cm3/s and velocity in m/s in the 20 mm diameter pipe
...
6 cm3/s, 0
...
g
...
012x 0
...
0152x 0
...
356x10-5 + 10
...
96 x10-5 m3/s

since

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...
2 
Water at 36 m above sea level has a velocity of 18 m/s and a pressure of 350 kN/m2
...
Also determine the
total head
...
68 m, 16
...
2 m)
Solution:
Take each term separately

z1 = 36m
The total head = 35
...
514 + 36 = 88
...


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14

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Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter Two Tutorial Problems

2
...
The pressure drop across the orifice is 80 mm of paraffin
...
62 and the densities of air and paraffin are 1
...
Calculate the mass flow rate of air to the engine
...
16 kg/s)
Solution:

(i) p1 - p2 = rm x g x h


= 830 x 9
...
080 = 651 Pa

(ii)

(iii)

m = Cd V2 A2 x r

Q

= 0
...
03 x 0
...
2



= 0
...
com

15

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter Two Tutorial Problems

2
...
0 kg/m3 and dynamic viscosity 1 x 10-5 Ns/m2
...

Ans: (320 N/m2, 158 kN/m2)
Solution:
a) For air
Re

= r V D/m = 1 x 1 x 0
...
e
...
016
therefore

hf = 4 xfx

L v2
D 2g


b) for water
Re

= r V D/m



= 1000 x 1 x 0
...
e
...
079/Re0
...
079/(104)0
...
0079

therefore

hf = 4 xfx

L v2
D 2g


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...
5 
Determine the input power to an electric motor (hm = 90%) supplying a pump (hp = 90%)
delivering 50 l/s of water (r = 1000 kg/m3, m = 0
...
008 and neglect minor losses
...
6 kW)
Solution:
V = Q/A = 0
...
152/4) = 2
...
83 x 0
...
001 = 4
...
15/150 = 0
...
0051

hsys = Hf + Hz + Ho = 8
...
808 m
Input power

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Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter Two Tutorial Problems

2
...
5 cm and
A
its velocity upon impact is 30 m/s, determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force
on the plate, neglect frictional effect and take water density as 1000 kg
...

Ans (3970 N)

Solution:

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
7  horizontally laid pipe carrying water has a sudden contraction in diameter from 0
...
2m
A
respectively
...
5 m3/s
...

Ans: (25
...
com

19

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter Two Tutorial Problems

2
...
8 m above water level and a discharge to the atmosphere at a level 3
...

Find the velocity of flow, the discharge and the absolute pressure at crest level if the atmospheric
pressure is 98
...
Neglect losses due to friction
...
0371 m3/s, 45
...
com

20

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter Three Tutorial Problems

3 Chapter Three Tutorial Problems
3
...
Assume for air at ambient conditions,
Density = 1
...
35
Ans (6
...
com

21

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Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter Three Tutorial Problems

3
...
2m
A
and the density of sea water is 1020 kg/m3
...
Assume the buoy and the chain has a combined
weight of 1
...

Ans (33 kg)
Solution:

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
pi/3) x R3 = 0
...
0335x9
...
3 N
Weight

= 9
...
2 + Load )

Hence the payload

= (335
...
81) – 1
...
98 kg

3
...
5 m2 and a drag coefficient (based on wing
An
area) CD=0
...
061 xCL2
...
96 kg/m3
...
the lift coefficient
2
...
the power to propel the craft
...
13, 0
...
com

23

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter Three Tutorial Problems

Power

hence

3
...
01 + 0
...
The aerodynamic drag force on the aerofoil
2
...
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2 kg/m3
Ans (18 N, 0
...
5

Air flows over a sharp edged flat plate, 3m long and 3m wide at a velocity of 2 m/s
...
Determine the drag force
2
...
4
...
23 kg/m3, and kinematic viscosity as 1
...

Ans (0
...
com

25

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter Three Tutorial Problems

Solution:
1
...


3
...
62m span and 2
...
Estimate the drag on the wing (two
(a) A
sides) treating it as a flat plate and the flight speed of 89
...

(b)  etermine the reduction in power that can be saved if the boundary layer control device is
D
installed on the wing to ensure laminar flow over the entire wing’s surface
...
01 kg/m3, and kinematic viscosity as 1
...

Ans (358 N, 86%)
Solution:

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...


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Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter Four Tutorial Problems

4 Chapter Four Tutorial Problems
4
...
96) at 25°C, with g = 1
...
95) at 25°C, with g = 1
...

Ans: [346 m/s, 321
...
4/ 28
...
096 J/kgK
a= [γ R T]1/2 = (1
...
096 J/K kg) (298K))1/2     = 346
...
3 / 39
...
117 J/kgK
a= [γ R T]1/2 = (1
...
117 J/K kg) (298K))1/2     = 321
...
2  airplane can fly at a speed of 800km/h at sea-level where the temperature is 15°C
...

Ans: [195m/s]
Solution:
a= [γ R T]1/2
= (1
...
17 (m/s)
V1= 800 km/h = 800 x 1000/3600 = 222
...
222 / 346
...
642
a2 = [γ R T]1/2
= (1
...
33 (m/s)
Hence
V2 = M x a2 = 303
...
642 = 195 m/s
Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
3  low flying missile develops a nose temperature of 2500K when the ambient temperature and
A
pressure are 250K and 0
...
Determine the missile velocity and its stagnation
pressure
...
4
...
6 bar]
Solution:

hence

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...
4  airplane is flying at a relative speed of 200 m/s when the ambient air condition is 1
...
Determine the temperature, pressure and density at the nose of the airplane
...
4, density at ambient condition = 1
...

Ans: [To=307
...
28 bar, r =1
...
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Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Chapter Five Tutorial Problems

5 Chapter Five Tutorial Problems
5
...
The flow rate through
the turbine is 1 m3/s
...
Determine the power produced if:
a) Flow losses are neglected
...

Ans: (81 kW, 73 kW)
Solution:
a)

b)

5
...
If the flow rate of 16 m3/s can be maintained, determine:
a) the total power input to the turbine assuming a hydraulic efficiency of 98%; and
b) the pressure difference across the turbine
...
4 MPa)
Solution:
The power available from water is
P

= ρ Q g h x h     



= 1000 x 16 x9
...
98



= 38455
...


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...
403 MPa 

5
...
You are given the task to select an appropriate type of turbine for
this site if the generator requires the turbine to run at a fixed speed of 120 rpm
...
com

32

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Sample Examination Paper

Solution of Mock Exam

Sample Examination Paper

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Sample Examination Paper

Class Test – Fluid Mechanics
Module Tutor

T
...
Attempt all questions
...

Place your Answers in the space provided
...

Print your name on every page
...

Marking Grid Leave Blank Please
question

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

total

1st Marker
2nd marker

Agreed percentage
Recommended grade

Question One
List TWO types of instrument used to measure the pressure of a toxic fluid contained in a sealed tank
...
com

34

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Sample Examination Paper

Question Two
a) Draw (not to scale) the pressure distribution of the water on the dam shown below:
(6 marks)

b) Indicate on the sketch, the direction of the resultant force on the dam?
(2 marks)
c) Approximately, indicate the position of the centre of pressure on both sides
...
com

35

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Sample Examination Paper

Question Three
List Three methods used to improve the resolution of detecting a small pressure reading in a manometer
...

Read (Lx Sin(theta)) instead of reading (h)

/ 3 marks

Use different size (cross-sectional
area) for either side of the
manometer
...
z = constant,
so z2 can be much larger if A2 is smaller than A1
...


This uses the conservation of mass, for the displaced
column on either side of the manometer
...
com

36

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Sample Examination Paper

Question Four

Complete the table below:
/ 4 marks

Theoretical reading of the pressure
P = F / A = (2
...
5)x9
...
14x0
...
635-40
...
635]x100%

3
...
14x0
...
686 N
= 7
...
com

37

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Sample Examination Paper

Question Five
If the fan, below, circulates air at the rate of 0
...
Complete
the table below
...
25 square

0
...
25 = 0
...
8 m/s

V2

=Q/A



= 0
...
0314



(3
...
22 = 0
...
3/0
...
20 diameter

=Q/A



2

V1

Marks

= 9
...
com

38

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Sample Examination Paper

Question Six
Oil of relative density 0
...
If the friction factor for the pipe is 0
...
537

m/s

/ 3 marks

frictional head loss
h = (4f L/D) x V2/2g

= (4x0
...
2)x (3
...
62
= 76
...
81x76
...
g
...
81x76
...
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The equation is therefore dimensionally balanced
...
com

40

Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Sample Examination Paper

Question Eight
Oil (relative density 0
...
Determine for the flow:
Quantity

Value

Marks

flow velocity

/ 5 marks
0
...
745 m/s

V = m / A/ density

/ 5 marks

Nature of the flow
New = 80 cs
= 80x10-6 m2/s
Re = den x V x D/ mu
= V x D / New

Re =3
...
1 / 80x10-6
Re = 4682
Hence flow turbulent
/ 2 marks

frictional factor
f = 0
...
079 / Re0
...

Method

Principle

marks

Hot wire Anemometer

use a very fine wire (on the order of several
micrometres) electrically heated up to some
temperature above the ambient
...
Uses the
relationship between the electrical resistance of the
wire and the flow speed
...


/ 4 marks

Total (8 marks)

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...

If the vertical component of the landing velocity of a parachute is 6 m/s, find the total weight of the
parachutist and the parachute (hollow hemisphere Diameter 5m)
...
2 kg/m3 and Cd = 2
...
com

42

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Engineering Fluid Mechanics Solution Manual

Sample Examination Paper

Solution

The free body diagram shows that the body is affected by 3 forces
...
Fb = 0

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...


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...
079 / Re0
...
A
Title: fluid mechanics
Description: its all about fluid mechanics ,.