Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

Formulas and Conversions
IDC Technologies

Download free books at

IDC Technologies

Formulas and Conversions

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
com
ISBN 978-87-403-0005-5

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
1 Algebra

26

4
...
3 Trigonometry

34

4
...
5 Exponents

38

4
...
com/Mitas
www
...
com

M

Month 16
I was a construction
M
supervisor ina cons
I was
the North Sea supe
advising and the N
he
helping foremen advis
s Real work
solve problems
he
helping
International
Internationa opportunities
al
�ree wo placements
work
or
s
solve p

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
1 Electricity

41

5
...
3 Thermodynamics

64

5
...
1

Periodic Table of Elements

81

6
...
job
...
dk

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
More than 50,000 engineers have attended IDC’s workshops over the past 10 years
...

The objective of this booklet is to provide today’s engineer with useful technical information and as an aide-memoir when
you need to refresh your memory
...

Although IDC Technologies was founded in Western Australia many years ago, it now draws engineers from all countries
...

We have produced this booklet so that you will have important formulas and conversion at your fingertips
...
Held across the globe, these workshops will sharpen your skills in today’s competitive engineering environment
...
com

6

Formulas and Conversions

Definition and Abbreviations for Physical Quantities

1 
Definition and Abbreviations for
Physical Quantities
Symbol
m
kg
s
A
K
cd

Quantity
Plane angle
Force
Work, energy
Power
Frequency
Viscosity: kinematic
Viscosity: Dynamic
Pressure

Unit
meter
kilogram
second
ampere
kelvin
candela

Quantity
Length
Mass
Time
Electric current
Thermodynamic temp
Luminous intensity

Unit
radian
newton
heat
watt
hertz
-

Symbol

Prefix

T
G
M
k
h
da
d
c
m
μ
n
p

Symbol
rad
N
joule
W
Hz
m2/s
Ns/m2
Pa or N/m2

Tera
Giga
Mega
Kilo
Hecto
Deca
Deci
Centi
Milli
Micro
Nano
Pico

Quantity
Potential
Resistance
Charge
Capacitance
Electric field strength
Electric flux density

Equivalent
kg ∙ m/s2
J∙N∙m
J/s
s-1
10 c St (Centistoke)
103 cP (Centipoise)
pascal, Pa

Factor by which unit
is multiplied
1012
109
106
103
102
10
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
10-12

Electrical unit
Volt
Ohm
Coulomb
Farad
-

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...

Who are we?
We are the world’s leading oilfield services company
...


Who are we looking for?
We offer countless opportunities in the following domains:
n Engineering, Research, and Operations
n Geoscience and Petrotechnical
n Commercial and Business
If you are a self-motivated graduate looking for a dynamic career,
apply to join our team
...
slb
...
com

8

Click on the ad to read more

Formulas and Conversions

Units of Physical Quantities

2 Units of Physical Quantities
Conversion Factors (general):
1 acre = 43,560 square feet
1 cubic foot = 7
...
305 meters
1 gallon = 3
...
34 pounds
1 grain per gallon = 17
...
746 kilowatts
1 million gallons per day = 694 gallons per minute
1 pound = 0
...
31 feet of water
Degrees Celsius = (Degrees Fahrenheit - 32) (5/9)
Degrees Fahrenheit = (Degrees Celsius) (9/5) + 32
1% = 10,000 mg/L

Name
Acceleration
Area
Area
Area
Area
Density
Density
Density
Density
Density
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
Energy
Force
Force
Force
Heat capacity
Heat transfer coefficient
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Length
Mass
Mass
Mass

To convert from
ft/sec2
acre
ft2
hectare
in2
g/cm3
lbm/ft3
lbm/in3
lb∙s2/in4
slug/ft3
BTU
cal
erg
eV
Ft∙lbf
kiloton TNT
KW∙hr
Megaton TNT
Dyne
Lbf
Ozf
BTU/lbm ∙ °F
BTU/hr∙ft2∙°F
AU
ft
in
mile
Nautical mile
parsec
amu
lbm
lb∙s2/in

To
m/s2
m2
m2
m2
m2
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
N
N
N
J/kg∙°C
W/m2∙°C
m
m
m
m
m
m
kg
kg
kg

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
3048
4047
9
...
000E+04
6
...
02
2
...
069E+07
515
...
1859
1
...
602E-19
1
...
187E+12
3
...
187E+15
1
...
4484
0
...
6786
1
...
3048
2
...
085E+16
1
...
4535
1200
...
2810
2
...
7600
1
...
000E-03
6
...
614E-05
9
...
940E-03
9
...
2389
1
...
242E+18
0
...
388E-13
2
...
388E-16
1
...
2248
3
...
388E-04
0
...
685E-12
3
...
3700
6
...
397E-04
3
...
022E+26
2
...
711E-03

Formulas and Conversions

Name
Mass
Mass flow rate
Mass flow rate
Moment of inertia
Moment of inertia
Moment of inertia
Power
Power
Power
Pressure
Pressure
Pressure
Pressure
Pressure
Pressure
Pressure
Pressure
Pressure
Pressure
Pressure
Specific heat
Specific heat
Temperature
Thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity

Units of Physical Quantities

To convert from
slug
lbm/hr
lbm/sec
ft∙lb∙s2
in∙lb∙s2
oz∙in∙s2
BTU/hr
hp
tons of refrigeration
bar
dyne/cm2
in
...
water
kgf/cm2
lbf/ft2
lbf/in2
mbar
microns mercury
mm mercury
std atm
BTU/lbm∙°F
cal/g∙°C
°F
BTU/hr∙ft∙°F
BTU∙in/hr∙ft2∙°F
cal/cm∙s∙°C

To
kg
kg/s
kg/s
kg∙m2
kg∙m2
kg∙m2
W
W
W
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
J/kg∙°C
J/kg∙°C
°C
W/m∙°C
W/m∙°C
W/m∙°C

Multiply by
14
...
260E-04
0
...
3557
0
...
062E-03
0
...
71
3516
1
...
1000
3377
248
...
807E+04
47
...
00
0
...
3
1
...
5556
1
...
1442
418
...
853E-02
7937
2
...
7376
8
...
60
3
...
341E-03
2
...
000E-05
10
...
961E-04
4
...
020E-05
2
...
450E-04
1
...
501
7
...
869E-06
2
...
389E-04
1
...
5778
6
...
389E-03

Linköping University –
innovative, highly ranked,
European
Interested in Engineering and its various branches? Kickstart your career with an English-taught master’s degree
...
com

10

Click on the ad to read more

Formulas and Conversions

Name
Thermal conductivity
Time
Time
Torque
Torque
Torque
Velocity
Velocity
Velocity
Velocity
Viscosity – absolute
Viscosity – absolute
Viscosity – absolute
Viscosity – absolute
Viscosity – kinematic
Viscosity – kinematic
Volume
Volume
Volume
Volume
Volume flow rate
Volume flow rate

A
...
S
...
S
...
867E-03
8
...
156E+07
1
...
1130
7
...
079E-03
0
...
2778
0
...
000E-03
0
...
87
1
...
000E-06
9
...
831E-02
1
...
000E-03
3
...
719E-04
6
...
62
1
...
169E-08
0
...
8504
141
...
90
3
...
6000
2
...
089E-02
0
...
000E+06
10
...
3200
6
...
20
2119
1
...
03280840
0
...
8288*
0
...
48*
304
...
0254*
2
...
4*
0
...
37008
0
...
280840
0
...
093613
0
...
0254*
39
...
344*
1
...
003280840
0
...
0292*
0
...
com

11

Formulas and Conversions

To Convert
Cables
Cables
Cables
Centimeters
Centimeters
Centimeters
Centimeters
Chains, (Surveyor’s)
Chains, (Surveyor’s)
Chains, (Surveyor’s)
Fathoms
Fathoms
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet
Furlongs
Furlongs
Furlongs
Furlongs
Furlongs
Hands (Height Of Horse)
Hands (Height Of Horse)
Inches
Inches
Inches
Inches
Inches
Kilometers
Kilometers
Leagues, Nautical
Leagues, Nautical
Leagues, Statute
Leagues, Statute
Links, (Surveyor’s)
Links, (Surveyor’s)
Links, (Surveyor’s)
Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters
Microns
Microns
Miles, Nautical
Miles, Nautical
Miles, Statute

Units of Physical Quantities

To
Fathoms
Meters
Yards
Meters
Yards
Feet
Inches
Rods
Meters
Feet
Meters
Feet
Statute Miles
Kilometers
Meters
Yards
Inches
Centimeters
Statute Miles
Meters
Yards
Feet
Inches
Inches
Centimeters
Meters
Yards
Feet
Centimeters
Millimeters
Statute Miles
Meters
Nautical Miles
Kilometers
Statute Miles
Kilometers
Chains
Inches
Centimeters
Statute Miles
Kilometers
Yards
Feet
Inches
Centimeters
Millimeters
Meters
Inches
Statute Miles
Kilometers
Kilometers

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
456
240
0
...
01093613
0
...
3937008
4
20
...
8288
6
0
...
0003048
0
...
3333333
12
30
...
125
201
...
16
0
...
02777778
0
...
54
25
...
621371192
1000
3
5
...
828032
0
...
92
20
...
000621371
0
...
093613298
3
...
370079
100
1000
0
...
0000394
1
...
852
1
...
344
1760
5280
63360
160934
...
039370079
0
...
0254
30
76
...
013837
0
...
0292
5
...
5
9
22
...
00056818
0
...
44

678'<)25<2850$67(5©6'(*5((
&KDOPHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 7HFKQRORJ\ FRQGXFWV UHVHDUFK DQG HGXFDWLRQ LQ HQJLQHHU
LQJ DQG QDWXUDO VFLHQFHV DUFKLWHFWXUH WHFKQRORJ\UHODWHG PDWKHPDWLFDO VFLHQFHV
DQG QDXWLFDO VFLHQFHV %HKLQG DOO WKDW &KDOPHUV DFFRPSOLVKHV WKH DLP SHUVLVWV
IRU FRQWULEXWLQJ WR D VXVWDLQDEOH IXWXUH ¤ ERWK QDWLRQDOO\ DQG JOREDOO\
9LVLW XV RQ &KDOPHUVVH RU 1H[W 6WRS &KDOPHUV RQ IDFHERRN

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
3937 in
1 m = 3
...
0936 yd
1 km = 0
...
25 yd2
1 cm2 = 0
...
764 ft2
1 km2 = 0
...
06102 in3
1 m3 = 35
...
024 in3
1 Litre = 0
...
2642 gal
...
S
...
0284 bu (U
...
)
1 Litre = 1000
...
5400 cm
1 ft = 0
...
9144 m
1 mile = 1
...
5 yd
1 in = 100 mils
1 light year = 9
...
540 x 10-5 m
1 acre = 160 rod2
1 acre = 43,560 ft2
1 mile2 = 640 acres
1 in2 = 6
...
0929 m2
1 mile2 = 2
...
387 cm3
1 ft3 = 0
...
0164 litre
1 ft3 = 28
...
7646 m3
1 gallon (US) = 3
...
785 x 10-3 m3

1 Litre = 1
...
(liquid) or 0
...
(dry)

1 bushel (US) = 35
...
957 x 10-5 m3
Liquid Volume
1 gill = 4 fluid ounces
1 pint = 4 gills
1 quart = 2 pints
1 gallon = 4 quarts
Dry Volume
1 quart = 2 pints
1 peck = 8 quarts
1 bushel = 4 pecks

1 stere = 1 m3
1 barrel = 31
...
2 in3
1 peck = 537
...
5 in3

B
...
856

meter2 (m2)

0
...
1550003
0
...
09290304*

hectare
inch2
foot2
meter2 (m2)

acre
centimeter
centimeter2
foot2
2

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
03042
92,903
...
471054
645
...
4516
0
...
003
10
...
195990
0
...
00001076391
0
...
8361274

acre
millimeter2 (mm2)
centimeter2 (cm2)
meter2 (m2)
inch2
foot2
yard2
acre
foot2
inch2
meter2 (m2)

inch
inch2
inch2
meter2
meter2
meter2
meter2
millimeter2
millimeter2
yard2
2

millimeter2 (mm2)

C
...
06102376
foot3
0
...
31685
gallon (UK liquid)
0
...
546092
gallon (US liquid)
0
...
785412
inch3
16,387
...
38706
inch3
0
...
001*
Liter
0
...
2641720
Liter
0
...
9692
meter3
264
...
31466
meter3
1
...
*
3
meter
61,023
...
00006102376
Yard3
0
...


To obtain
    inch3
    meter3 (m3)
    liter
    meter3 (m3)
    litre
    meter3 (m3)
    liter
    millimeter3 (mm3)
    centimeter3 (cm3)
    meter3 (m3)
    meter3 (m3)
gallon (UK liquid)
gallon (US liquid)
foot3
gallon (UK liquid)
gallon (US liquid)
foot3
yard3
liter
inch3
inch3
meter3 (m3)

Mass and Weight

Conversions
To Convert
Carat
Drams, Avoirdupois

To
Milligrams
Avoirdupois Ounces

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
06255

Formulas and Conversions

Units of Physical Quantities

To Convert
Drams, Avoirdupois
Drams, Avoirdupois
Drams, Troy
Drams, Troy
Drams, Troy
Drams, Troy
Grains
Grains
Grains
Grains
Grains
Grains
Grains
Grains
Grains
Grains
Grains
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Hundredweights, Long

To
Grams
Grains
Troy Ounces
Scruples
Grams
Grains
Kilograms
Avoirdupois Pounds
Troy Pounds
Troy Ounces
Avoirdupois Ounces
Troy Drams
Avoirdupois Drams
Pennyweights
Scruples
Grams
Milligrams
Kilograms
Avoirdupois Pounds
Troy Pounds
Troy Ounces
Avoirdupois Ounces
Avoirdupois Drams
Grains
Milligrams
Long Tons

Multiply By
1
...
344
0
...
8879346
60
6
...
00014286
0
...
00208333
0
...
0166
0
...
042
0
...
06479891
64
...
001
0
...
00267923
0
...
035273961
0
...
432361
1000
0
...
Experience the advantages
of our collaboration with major companies like
ABB, Volvo and Ericsson!

Apply by
15 January
2016

World class
research

www
...
se

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
com

17

Multiply By
0
...
056
50
...
04464286
0
...
05
45
...
0009842
0
...
00110231
0
...
204622622
2
...
15075
35
...
3834
1000
15432
...
015432358
0
...
0625
0
...
9114583
16
28
...
5
0
...
0833333
1
...
55429
20
31
...
05
1
...
000446429
0
...
0005
0
...
45359237
1
...
58333
16
256
453
...
373241722
0
...
16571
210
...
2417216
5760
0
...
46226
0
...
2959782
20
1
...
12
20
22
...
04691
2240
35840
0
...
1023113
10
19
...
04623
1000
2204
...
75
0
...
90718474
17
...
18474
2000

E
...
Gallon
Grains/US gallon
Grains/US gallon
Grams/cu
...
Cm
Grams/cu
...
in
Pounds/cu
...
ft
Pounds/1000 gal
Grains/gal
Parts/million
Pounds/mil-foot
Pounds/cu in
Grams/cu cm

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
286
17
...
86
3
...
03613
62
...
062427
8
...
417
1000
3
...
00003613
0
...


To
Pound/cu ft
Parts/million
Pounds/mil-foot
Pounds/cu in
Grams/cu cm
Kgs/cu meter
Pounds/mil-foot
Gms/cu cm
Pounds/cu ft
Kgs/cu meter

Multiply By
0
...
456E-09
0
...
01602
16
...
000009425
27
...
00
2
...
03
8
...
56
0
...
70
0
...
80
0
...
86
8
...
87

We ask you
WHERE DO YOU
WANT TO BE?

TomTom is a place for people who see solutions
when faced with problems, who have the energy
to drive our technology, innovation, growth along
with goal achievement
...
If you share our passion - this
could be the place for you
...

For further information, please visit tomtom
...
com

19

Click on the ad to read more

Formulas and Conversions

Units of Physical Quantities

Substance
Brick
Paraffin
Calcium
Platinum
Carbon (diamond)
Sand (dry)
Carbon (graphite)
Silicon
Carbon (charcoal)
Silver
Chromium
Slate
Clay
Sodium
Coal
Steel (mild)
Cobalt
Sulphur
Copper
Tin
Cork
Tungsten
Glass (crown)
Wood (ash)
Glass (flint)
Wood (beech)
Gold
Wood (ebony)
Iron (cast)
Wood (elm)
Iron (wrought)
Wood (lignum-vitae)
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Wood (oak)
Wood (pine)
Wood (teak)
Zinc
Wood (oak)
Wood (pine)
Wood (teak)
Zinc
Mercury

Relative Density
2
...
86
1
...
5
3
...
42
2
...
6
1
...
57
6
...
1-2
...
9
0
...
36-1
...
87
8
...
07
8
...
3
0
...
1
2
...
75
3
...
7-0
...
3
1
...
2
7
...
66
7
...
3
11
...
74
8
...
6
11
...
74
8
...
7-1
...
56
0
...
0
0
...
0
0
...
8
7
...
6

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...


Units of Physical Quantities

Greek Alphabet
Name
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
Epsilon
Zeta
Eta
Theta
Iota
Kappa
Lambda
Mu
Nu
Xi
Omicron
Pi
Rho
Sigma
Tau
Upsilon
Phi
Chi
Psi
Omega

Lower Case
α
β
γ
δ
ε
ζ
η
θ
ι
κ
λ
μ
ν
ξ
ο
π
ρ
σ and ς
τ
υ
φ
χ
ψ
ω

Upper Case
Α
Β
Γ
Δ
Ε
Ζ
Η
Θ
Ι
Κ
Λ
Μ
Ν
Ξ
Ο
Π
Ρ
Σ
Τ
Υ
Φ
Χ
Ψ
Ω

Think Umeå
...
teknat
...
se/english
Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
This system was formerly called the meter-kilogram-second (MKS) system
...
001

m

mF (Micro farads)

Nano

10-9

0
...
000000000001

p

pF (Pico farads)

hz (hertz)
F (Farads)

Conversion Chart
Multiply by

Into Milli

Into Centi

Into Deci

Into MGL*

Into Deca

Into Hecto

Into Kilo

To convert Kilo

106

105

104

103

102

101

1

To convert
Hecto

105

104

103

102

101

1

10-1

To convert Deca

104

103

102

101

1

10-1

10-2

To convert MGL*

103

102

101

1

10-1

10-2

10-3

To convert Deci

102

101

1

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

To convert Centi

101

1

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5

To convert Milli

1

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5

10-6

MGL = meter, gram, liter

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
023 x 1026 /(kg mol)

Bohr magneton

B

9
...
380 x 10-23 J/k

Stefan-Boltzmann constant

d

5
...
602 x 10-19 J

Electron charge

e

1
...
109 x 10-31 kg

Electronic charge to mass ratio

e/me

1
...
65 x 107 C/(kg mol)

Permeability of free space

m0

4P x 10-7 H/m

Permittivity of free space

Eo

8
...
626 x 10-34 J s

Proton mass

mp

1
...
6

Standard gravitational acceleration

g

9
...
80665 N/kg

Universal constant of gravitation

G

6
...
314 kJ/(kg mol K)

Velocity of light in vacuum

C

2
...
67), 5/90R, 0C +
273
...
00 x 108 m s-1

Electron charge

e

-1
...
11 x 10-31 kg

Planck’s constant

h

6
...
com

23

Formulas and Conversions

System of Units

Name

Symbolic Representation

Numerical Equivalent

Universal gravitational constant

G

6
...
60 x 10-19 J

Mass of proton

mp

1
...
80 m s-2

Acceleration due to gravity on the
Moon

gM

1
...
37 x 106 m

Mass of the Earth

ME

5
...
96 x 108 m

Mass of the Sun

MS

1
...
74 x 106 m

Mass of the Moon

MM

7
...
84 x 108 m

Earth-Sun distance

-

1
...
00 x 108 m s-1

INNOVATIVE
LIKE YOU
...
Then the
University of Gothenburg is the place for you
...
gu
...
com

24

Click on the ad to read more

Formulas and Conversions

System of Units

Name

Symbolic Representation

Numerical Equivalent

Electron charge

e

-1
...
11 x 10-31 kg

Planck’s constant

h

6
...
67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2

Electron volt

1 eV

1
...
67 x 10-27 kg

Acceleration due to gravity on Earth

g

9
...
62 m s-2

Ton

1 ton

1
...
com

25

Formulas and Conversions

General Mathematical Formulae

4 General Mathematical Formulae
4
...
Expansion Formulae
Square of summation
• (x + y) 2 = x2 + 2xy + y2
Square of difference
• (x – y) 2 = x2 – 2xy + y2
Difference of squares
• x2 – y2 = (x + y) (x – y)
Cube of summation
• (x + y) 3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3
Summation of two cubes
• x3 + y3 = (x + y) (x2 - xy + y2)
Cube of difference
• (x – y) 3 = x3 – 3x2y + 3xy2 – y3
Difference of two cubes
• x3 – y3 = (x – y) (x2 + xy + y2)
B
...
com

26

Formulas and Conversions

General Mathematical Formulae

The basic algebraic properties of real numbers a, b and c are:
Property

Description

Closure

a + b and ab are real numbers

Commutative

a + b = b + a, ab = ba

Associative

(a+b) + c = a + (b+c), (ab)c = a(bc)

Distributive

(a+b)c = ac+bc

Identity

a+0 = 0+a = a

Inverse

a + (-a) = 0, a(1/a) = 1

Cancellation

If a+x=a+y, then x=y

Zero-factor

a0 = 0a = 0

Negation

-(-a) = a, (-a)b= a(-b) = -(ab), (-a)(-b) = ab

Algebraic Combinations
Factors with a common denominator can be expanded:

a+b a b
= +
c
c c
Fractions can be added by finding a common denominator:

Scholarships

Open your mind
to new opportunities

Linnaeus University is one of the larger universities
in Sweden with 31,000 students
...

Welcome to join the friendly atmosphere and
active student life at Linnaeus University – a place
that makes you grow as a person!

Meet us at the International Education
India EXPO Roadshow
New Delhi, April 4
Mumbai, April 10

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
2 Geometry
Item

Circumference /
Perimeter

Area

Surface Area

Volume

Square

4s

s2

NA

NA

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
com

29

Figure

Formulas and Conversions

Item

Circumference /
Perimeter

General Mathematical Formulae

Area

Surface Area

Volume

NA

NA

NA

Figure

NA

3s
Equilateral
triangle

where s is the length of
each side

Trapezoid
where θ and Φ are the
2 base angles

a +b
A=
h
 2 

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
com

31

Figure

Formulas and Conversions

Item

Circumference /
Perimeter

General Mathematical Formulae

Area

Surface Area

Volume

NA

NA

NA

NA

A = 2
...
83 s2
Octagon

8s

Cube

NA

NA

6s2

s3

NA

NA

2  h + 2wh
+2 w

l×w×h

NA

NA

Right
cylinder

Where s is the
length of 1 side

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
perimeter∙
slant height
+B

Figure

1 base area∙
3
perpendicular

height


...
com

33

Click on the ad to read more

Formulas and Conversions

General Mathematical Formulae

Circumference /
Perimeter

Area

NA

Item

NA

NA

NA

Cone

Surface Area

Volume

Figure

V = lwh

pi∙r(r+sh)

4
...
Pythagoras’ Law
c2 = a2 + b2

c

a

B
...
com

34

Formulas and Conversions

General Mathematical Formulae

hypotenuse
opposite

θ
adjacent

Sine, Cosine and Tangent

sin θ =

opposite
hypotenus

cosθ =

adjacent
hypotenus

tan θ =

opposite
adjacent

Sine, Cosine and the Pythagorean Triangle

[sin θ ] + [cosθ ]
2

2

= sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ =1

Tangent, Secant and Co-Secant

tan

sin
cos

secθ =

1
cosθ

cscθ =

1
sin θ

C
...
com

35

Formulas and Conversions

General Mathematical Formulae

= cos(nθ ) + j sin(nθ )
e jnθ
e jθ + e− jθ
cosθ =
2
e jθ − e− jθ
sin θ =
2j
4
...

The number 8 written in index form as 8 = 23
The equation can be rewritten in logarithm form as log 2 8 = 3

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
All logarithms must have the same base
...


e x − e− x
2
Hyperbolic sine = sinh x =
e x + e− x
2
Hyperbolic cosine = cosh x =
sinh x e x − e − x
= x
e + ex
Hyperbolic tangent = tanh x = cosh x

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
5 Exponents
Summary of the Laws of Exponents
Let c, d, r, and s be any real numbers
...
6

Complex Numbers
A complex number is a number with a real and an imaginary part, usually expressed in Cartesian form
a + jb where j = √-1 and j ∙ j = -1
Complex numbers can also be expressed in polar form
Aejθ where A = √a2 +b2 and θ = tan-1 (b/a)
The polar form can also be expressed in terms of trigonometric functions using the Euler relationship
ejθ = cos θ + j sin θ

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...

Polar Form, Complex Numbers
The standard form of a complex number is
a + jb where j = √-1

WE WILL TURN YOUR CV
INTO AN OPPORTUNITY
OF A LIFETIME

Do you like cars? Would you like to be a part of a successful brand?
As a constructer at ŠKODA AUTO you will put great things in motion
...
We will give it an entirely
new new dimension
...
employerforlife
...
com

39

Click on the ad to read more

Formulas and Conversions

General Mathematical Formulae

But this can be shown to be equivalent to the form
Aejθ where A = √a2 +b2 and θ = tan-1 (b/a)
which is called the polar form of a complex number
...


Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
1 Electricity
Ohm’s Law

I=

V
R

Or
V = IR
Where
I = current (amperes)
E = electromotive force (volts)
R = resistance (ohms)

Temperature correction
Rt = Ro (1 + αt)
Where
Ro = resistance at 0ºC (
...
)
α = temperature coefficient which has an average value for copper of 0
...
com

41

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

Values of alpha
Copper

0
...
00672

Tungsten

0
...
00428

Platinum

Current,

Ω/Ω ºC

0
...


Click here!

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
m
...
generated in each conductor =
Where
Z = total number of armature conductors
c = number of parallel paths through winding between positive and negative brushes
Where c = 2 (wave winding), c = 2p (lap winding)
Φ = useful flux per pole (webers), entering or leaving the armature
p = number of pairs of poles
N = speed (revolutions per minute)
Generator Terminal volts = EG – IaRa
Motor Terminal volts = EB + IaRa
Where EG = generated e
...
f
...
m
...

Ia = armature current
Ra = armature resistance

Alternating Current
RMS value of sine curve = 0
...
637 of maximum value
Form factor = RMS value / Mean Value = 1
...
com

43

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

Slip of Induction Motor
[(Slip speed of the field – Speed of the rotor) / Speed of the Field] × 100
Inductors and Inductive Reactance
Physical Quantity

Equation

Inductors and Inductance

VL = L

Inductors in Series:

LT = L1 + L2 + L3 +
...

L T L1 L 2 L 3

di
dt

Current build up
(switch initially closed after having
been opened)

Current decay
(switch moved to a new position)

Alternating Current

Complex Numbers:

Polar form:
Inductive Reactance
Capacitive Reactance
Resistance

)
R

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...


Voltage Divider Rule

Vx = VT

Zx
ZT

Develop the tools we need for Life Science
Masters Degree in Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is the
exciting field where biology,
computer science, and
mathematics meet
...


Read more about this and our other international masters degree programmes at www
...
se/master

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...

Z T Z1 Z 2 Z 3

Current Divider Rule

Ix = IT

Two impedance values in parallel

ZT =

ZT
Zx

Z1 Z 2
Z1 + Z 2

Capacitance
Q

Capacitors

C = V [F] (Farads)

Capacitor in Series

1
1
1
1
=
+
+
+
...


Charging a Capacitor

Discharging a Capacitor

Quantity

Equation

Capacitance

C=

Q
V

C=
Capacitance of a Parallel-plate
Capacitor

εA

E=

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...

• The introduction of the dielectric increases the capacitance of the capacitor

Current in AC Circuit
RMS Current
In Cartesian
form

I=

I=

V

⋅ R−
2
 2 
 

1 
 
 R +  ωL −
ωC  





V
2

1 

[ R +  ωL −
 ]
ωC 


1 

j  ωL −

ωC  


Amperes

∠ − φs

2

In polar form

1 

 ωL − ωC 
φ s = tan 

R




where
−1

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
come
...
dk

science

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
I ) = V cos φ
I

Power in ac circuits
Quantity

Equation

Resistance

The mean power =

Inductance

The instantaneous power = (Io sin wt) (Vo sin (wt + π)

The mean power

P

Capacitance

The instantaneous power = (Io sin (wt + π/2)) (Vo sin
wt )

The mean power

P

Formula for a
...

power

The mean power =

=0

Star connected

3 • Phase Voltage

Line current = phase current
Delta connected
Line voltage = phase voltage
Line current =

= Irms Vrms = Irms2 R

= 0

Three Phase Alternators

Line voltage =

P

3 • Phase Current

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
com

50

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

• The electric field at the surface of a conductor is perpendicular to the surface
...


Quantity

Equation

Suppose a point charge Q is at A
...
Already today, SKF’s innovative knowhow is crucial to running a large proportion of the
world’s wind turbines
...
These can be reduced dramatically thanks to our
systems for on-line condition monitoring and automatic
lubrication
...

By sharing our experience, expertise, and creativity,
industries can boost performance beyond expectations
...

Visit us at www
...
com/knowledge

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...


B=

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field

And Magnitude of

F
I

sin θ
Force on a moving charged particle in a magnetic field

Circulating Charges

Calculation of magnetic flux density
Physical Quantity

Equation

B=
Magnetic fields around a long straight wire carrying current
I

µo I
2pa

where a = perp
...

I: B =
n I, where n = number of turns per unit
length
...
com

52

µ o I1 I 2 
2pa

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

Physical Quantity

Equation
T = F b sin θ

The torque on a rectangular coil in a magnetic field

=NI



B b sinθ

= N I A B sinθ
T = N I A B sin θ
If the coil is in a radial field and the plane of the coil is
always parallel to the field, then

= N I A B sin 90o
=NIAB
= B A cos θ

Magnetic flux f

and
Flux-linkage =
SI =

Current Sensitivity

θ
I

=

Nφ

NAB
c

Lenz’s law
The direction of the induced e
...
f
...


EMF Equations
E
...
f
...
m
...
induced between the center and the rim of a spinning
disc
E
...
f
...
c
...
com

53

ε=BLv
ε = B πr2f
Ε = N A B w sin wt

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

Quantity

Equation

When a great load (or smaller resistance) is
connected to the secondary coil, the flux
in the core decreases
...
m
...
, εp, in the
primary coil falls
...

Kirchoff ’s second law (Loop Theorem)
The net e
...
f
...
d
...

Physical Quantity

Equation

Power

Electric current

Trust and responsibility
NNE and Pharmaplan have joined forces to create
NNE Pharmaplan, the world’s leading engineering
and consultancy company focused entirely on the
pharma and biotech industries
...
The pharmaceutical field is new
to me
...

Even though it was a bit hard at first, I can feel over
time that I am beginning to be taken seriously and
that my contribution is appreciated
...
We employ more than
1500 people worldwide and offer global reach and local knowledge along with
our all-encompassing list of services
...
com

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...


Shaded areas represent regions of overlap
...


Gamma rays and X-rays occupy a common region
...
2

Applied Mechanics

5
...
1

Newton’s laws of motion

Newton’ first law of motion
The inertia of a body is the reluctance of the body to change its state of rest or motion
...


Download free eBooks at bookboon
...

“Third-law pair” of forces act on two different bodies
...

mp is the mass of the planet
...
com

56

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

Physical Quantity

Equations

Centripetal acceleration

Centripetal force
Newton’s Law of Universal
Gravitation
Gravitational field strength

Physical Quantity

Equations

Moment of a force
Principle of
moments
Stress

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
28 ft/s
1km/h = 0
...
61 m/s for each °C rise
...

In SI the basic unit is m/s2
In Imperial ft/s2
Conversion:

Acceleration due to gravity, g is 9
...
2
...
com

58

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

Angular Velocity and Acceleration
Quantity

Equations

θ angular displacement (radians)

θ=

ω1 + ω 2

ω angular velocity (radians/s);

2

×t

1
2

θ = ω 1t + αt 2

ω1 = initial, ω2 = final
α angular acceleration (radians/s2)
Linear displacement

s=rθ

Linear velocity

v=rω

Linear, or tangential acceleration

aT = r α

Tangential, Centripetal and Total Acceleration
Quantity

Equations

Tangential acceleration aT is due to angular acceleration α

aT = rα

Centripetal (Centrifugal) acceleration ac is due to change in direction
only

ac = v2/r = r ω2

Total acceleration, a, of a rotating point experiencing angular
acceleration is the vector sum of aT and ac

a = aT + ac

5
...
3 Force
Vector quantity, a push or pull which changes the shape and/or motion of an object
In SI the unit of force is the newton, N, defined as a kg m
In Imperial the unit of force is the pound lb
Conversion: 9
...
2 lb
Weight
The gravitational force of attraction between a mass, m, and the mass of the Earth
In SI weight can be calculated from Weight = F = mg, where g = 9
...
com

59

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

Momentum
Vector quantity, symbol p,
p = mv [Imperial p = (w/g)v, where w is weight]
in SI unit is kgm / s
Work
Scalar quantity, equal to the (vector) product of a force and the displacement of an object
...
With sharp minds and
cross functional teamwork, we constantly strive to develop new unique products Would you like to join our team?

the world leader as supplier of
dedicated, high-tech analytical
solutions which measure and
control the quality and produc-

FOSS works diligently with innovation and development as basis for its growth
...
Engineers at FOSS work in production,
development and marketing, within a wide range of different fields, i
...
Chemistry,
Electronics, Mechanics, Software, Optics, Microbiology, Chemometrics
...
Main activities are initiated
from Denmark, Sweden and USA
with headquarters domiciled in
Hillerød, DK
...
You will get the
opportunity to work with the most advanced technology together with highly skilled colleagues
...
foss
...
foss
...


marketed globally by 23 sales
companies and an extensive net
of distributors
...


Dedicated Analytical Solutions
FOSS
Slangerupgade 69
3400 Hillerød
Tel
...
foss
...
com

60

Click on the ad to read more

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

Kinetic Energy of Rotation

Where I = mk2 is the moment of inertia

5
...
4

Centripetal (Centrifugal) Force

Where r is the radius
Where ω is angular velocity in rad/s
Potential Energy
Quantity

Equation

Energy due to position in a force field, such as
gravity

Ep = m g h

Ep = w h
In Imperial this is usually expressed

Where w is weight, and h is height
above some specified datum

Thermal Energy
In SI the common units of thermal energy are J, and kJ, (and kJ/kg for specific quantities)
In Imperial, the units of thermal energy are British Thermal Units (Btu)
Conversions
1 Btu = 1055 J
1 Btu = 778 ft-lb
Electrical Energy
In SI the units of electrical energy are J, kJ and kilowatt hours kWh
...
66 x 106 ft-lb

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
p
...
p
...
3 kPa or 14
...
895 kPa
Pressure may be expressed in standard units, or in units of static fluid head, in both SI and Imperial systems

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
294 in
...
5 mm mercury
• 1 kPa = 4
...
water = 102 mm water
• 1 psi = 2
...
mercury = 51
...
7 in
...
81 kPa
Other pressure unit conversions:
• 1 bar = 14
...
1 kPa = 14
...
981 bar
• 1 atmosphere (atm) = 101
...
7 psi
Simple Harmonic Motion
Velocity of P =

5
...
5

ω R2 − x

2

m
s

Stress, Strain And Modulus Of Elasticity

Young’s modulus and the breaking stress for selected materials

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
70

2
...
16

4
...
90

4
...
93

3
...
10

11
...
55

10

Tungsten

4
...
17

1
...
3 Thermodynamics
5
...
1

Laws of Thermodynamics
• W = PΔV
• ΔU = Q – W
• W= nRT lnVf/Vi
• Q = CnΔT
• Cv= 3/2R
• Cp= 5/2R
• Cp/Cv = γ= 5/3
• e = 1 – Qc/Qh = W/Qh
• ec = 1 – Tc/Th
• COP = Qc/W (refrigerators)
• COP = Qh /W (heat pumps)
• Wmax= (1-Tc/Th)Qh
• ΔS = Q/T

5
...
2 Momentum
• p = mv
• ∑F = Δp/Δt

5
...
3 Impulse
I = Fav∆ t = mvf – mvi

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
3
...
3
...
3
...
3
...
com

65

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

5
...
8 Gravity
• F = Gm1m2/r2
• T = 2π / √r3 /GMs
• G = 6
...
97 x 1024 kg
• RE = 6
...
3
...
QYURGGF 'PIKPGU /GFKWOURGGF 'PIKPGU 6WTDQEJCTIGTU 2TQRGNNGTU 2TQRWNUKQP 2CEMCIGU 2TKOG5GTX
6JG FGUKIP QH GEQHTKGPFN[ OCTKPG RQYGT CPF RTQRWNUKQP UQNWVKQPU KU ETWEKCN HQT /#0 &KGUGN

6WTDQ

2QYGT EQORGVGPEKGU CTG QHHGTGF YKVJ VJG YQTNFoU NCTIGUV GPIKPG RTQITCOOG s JCXKPI QWVRWVU URCPPKPI
HTQO  VQ  M9 RGT GPIKPG )GV WR HTQPV
(KPF QWV OQTG CV YYYOCPFKGUGNVWTDQEQO

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
3
...

• fn = nv/4L (open at one end) n = 1,3,5,7………

5
...
11 Beats
• fbeats = | f1 – f2 |
• Fluids
• ρ = m/V
• P = F/A
• P2 = P1 + ρgh
• Patm = 1
...
7 lb/in2
• FB = ρfVg = Wf (weight of the displaced fluid)
• ρo/ρf = Vf /Vo (floating object)
• ρwater = 1000 kg/m3

• Wa=W-FB

Equation of Continuity: Av = constant
Bernoulli’s equation: P + ½ ρv2 + ρgy = 0

5
...
12

Temperature and Heat

• TF= (9/5) TC+32
• TC= 5/9(TF-32)
• ∆TF = (9/5) ∆TC
• T= TC+273
...
com

67

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

• ΔV = βVoΔT β=3α
• Q = mcΔT
• Q = mL
• 1 kcal = 4186 J
• Heat Loss = Heat Gain
• Q = (kAΔT)t/L,
• H = Q/t =(kAΔT)/L
• Q = eσT4At
• P = Q/t
• P = σAeT4
• P net= σAe(T4-TS4)
• σ = 5
...
3
...
31 J/mol K
• PV = NkT
• NA = 6
...
38 × 10-23 J/K
• M=NAm
• (KE)av=(1/2mv2 )av= 3/2kT
• U= 3/2NkT = 3/2nRT

5
...
14

Elastic Deformation

• P = F/A
• Y = FLo/A∆L
• S = Fh/A∆x
• B = –Vo∆F / A∆V
• Volume of the sphere = 4πr3/3
• 1 atm = 1
...
3
...
3
...
com

68

Formulas and Conversions

5
...
17

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

Latent Heat

• Latent heat of fusion of ice = 335 kJ/kg
• Latent heat of steam from and at 100°C = 2257 kJ/kg
• 1 tonne of refrigeration = 335 000 kJ/day = 233 kJ/min

5
...
18

Gas Laws

Boyle’s Law
When gas temperature is constant
PV = constant or
P1V1 = P2V2
Where P is absolute pressure and V is volume
Charles’ Law
When gas pressure is constant,
V
= const
...
We have extensive
experience in training technical and engineering staff and
have trained people in organisations such as General
Motors, Shell, Siemens, BHP and Honeywell to name a few
...
Our workshops are all comprehensive hands-on learning
MECHANICAL
experiences with ample time given to practical sessions and
ENGINEERING
demonstrations
...

INDUSTRIAL
We run onsite training all year round and hold the workshops on
DATA COMMS
your premises or a venue of your choice for your convenience
...
com or visit our website
for more information: www
...
com/onsite/
Phone: +61 8 9321 1702
Email: training@idc-online
...
idc-online
...
com

69

Click on the ad to read more

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

V1 V2
=
T1 T2
where V is volume and T is absolute temperature
Gay-Lussac’s Law
When gas volume is constant,
P
= const
...

T1
T2
P V = m R T where P = absolute pressure (kPa)
V = volume (m3)
T = absolute temp (K)
m = mass (kg)
R = characteristic constant (kJ/kgK)
Also
PV = nRoT where P = absolute pressure (kPa)
V = volume (m3)
T = absolute temperature K
N = the number of kmoles of gas
Ro = the universal gas constant 8
...
com

70

Formulas and Conversions

5
...
19

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

Specific Heats Of Gases
Specific Heat at
Constant Pressure

Specific Heat at
Constant Volume

Ratio of
Specific

kJ/kgK or kJ/kg oC

kJ/kgK or kJ/kg oC

γ= cp / cv

Air

1
...
718

1
...
060

1
...
32

Carbon Dioxide

0
...
630

1
...
051

0
...
40

Helium

5
...
153

1
...
235

10
...
41

Hydrogen Sulphide

1
...
85

1
...
177

1
...
30

Nitrogen

1
...
745

1
...
913

0
...
40

Sulphur Dioxide

0
...
451

1
...
3
...
com

71

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

High Speed Diesel (Dual-Combustion) Cycle

η =1

kβ γ − 1

rv

γ −1

[(k − 1) + γk ( β − 1)]

Where rv= cylinder volume / clearance volume
k = absolute pressure at the end of constant V heating (combustion) / absolute pressure at the beginning of constant
V combustion
β = volume at the end of constant P heating (combustion) / clearance volume
Gas Turbines (Constant Pressure or Brayton Cycle)

η =1−

1

 γ −1 


γ 


rp 


where rp = pressure ratio = compressor discharge pressure / compressor intake pressure

5
...
21

Heat Transfer by Conduction
Material

Coefficient of
Thermal Conductivity
W/m °C

Air

0
...

RUN LONGER
...
GAITEYE
...
com
1349906_A6_4+0
...
85

Cork

0
...
0

Iron, cast

70

Steel

60

Wallboard, paper

0
...
6

Copper

380

Felt

0
...
04

Plastic, cellular

0
...
3
...
15

Thermal Expansion of Solids

Increase in length = L α (T2 – T1)
Where L = original length
α = coefficient of linear expansion
(T2 – T1) = rise in temperature
Increase in volume = V β (T2 – T1)
Where V = original volume
β = coefficient of volumetric expansion
(T2 – T1) = rise in temperature
Coefficient of volumetric expansion = Coefficient of linear expansion × 3
β = 3α

5
...
23

Chemical Heating Value of a Fuel

Chemical Heating Value MJ per kg of fuel =
C is the mass of carbon per kg of fuel
H2 is the mass of hydrogen per kg of fuel
O2 is the mass of oxygen per kg of fuel
S is the mass of sulphur per kg of fuel

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
com

74

Change in
Internal
Energy

Change in
Enthalpy

Change in
Entropy

Formulas and Conversions

Isothermal

P V2
1
=
P2 V1

1
T=Constant
Isentropic

γ

S=Constant

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

P V2 
1
= 
P2  V1 

γ

P V2 
1
= 
P2  V1 

n

--

T1  P 
=  1
T2  P2 

Polytropic
PVn =
Constant

n

T1  P 
=  1
T2  P2 

P
mRT log e  1 
P 
 2

--

γ −l
γ

n −l
n

T1 V2 
= 
T2  V1 

P
mRT log e  1 
P 
 2

0

0

γ −1

T1 V2 
= 
T2  V1 

0

0

n −1

Thermodynamic Equations for perfect gases
*Can be used for reversible adiabatic processes
cv = Specific heat at constant volume, kJ/kgK
cp = Specific heat at constant pressure, kJ/kgK
cm = Specific heat for polytropic process =
H = Enthalpy, kJ
γ = Isentropic Exponent, cp/cv
n = polytropic exponent
P = Pressure, kPa

I joined MITAS because
I wanted real responsibili�
I joined MITAS because
I wanted real responsibili�

Real work
International
Internationa opportunities
al
�ree wo placements
work
or

�e Graduate Programme
for Engineers and Geoscientists

Maersk
...
discovermitas
...
com

75

�
for Engin

Click on the ad to read more

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

R = Gas content, kJ/kgK
S = Entropy, kJ/K
T = Absolute Temperature, K = 273+˚C
U = Internal Energy, kJ
V = Volume, m3
m = Mass of gas, kg
Mean Specific Heat between 0
o
C

Specific Heat and Linear
Expansion of Solids

and 100
o
C

o

C

kJ/kgK or kJ/kg

Coefficient of Linear Expansion
between
o
o
C
C
0
and 100
(multiply by 10-6)

Aluminum

0
...
8

Antimony

0
...
5

Bismuth

0
...
4

Brass

0
...
4

Carbon

0
...
9

Cobalt

0
...
3

Copper

0
...
5

Glass

0
...
0

Gold

0
...
2

2
...
4

Iron (cast)

0
...
4

Iron (wrought)

0
...
0

Lead

0
...
0

Nickel

0
...
0

Platinum

0
...
6

Silicon

0
...
8

Silver

0
...
5

Steel (mild)

0
...
0

Tin

0
...
7

Zinc

0
...
5

Ice (between -20

o

C

&0

o

C

)

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
470

Ammonia

0
...
138

12
...
643

1
...
139

1
...
633

Petroleum

2
...
093

12
...
800

9
...
183

3
...
4

Fluid Mechanics

5
...
1

11
...
com

77

d2
dc

2

Cc =

Ac  d c 
= 
A  d 

2

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

www
...
oticon
...
com

78

Click on the ad to read more

Formulas and Conversions

Engineering Concepts and Formulae

At the vena contracta, the volumetric flow rate Q of the fluid is given by
• Q = area of the jet at the vena contracta ∙ actual velocity = AcV
• Or
• Typically, values for Cd vary between 0
...
65
• Circular orifice: Q = 0
...
62 (B ∙ H) 2/3 √2gh
Where B = breadth (m)
H = head (m above sill)
Triangular Right Angled Notch: Q = 2
...
4
...
01 in large pipes to 0
...
4
...
3

6
...
73

3
...
7

9
...
24

6717 × 10-5

3/8

17
...
5

2
...
236 × 10-4

1/2

21
...
8

2
...
960 × 10-4

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
7

20
...
87

3
...
4

26
...
38

5
...
2

35
...
56

9
...
3

40
...
68

1
...
3

52
...
91

2
...
0

62
...
16

3
...
9

77
...
49

4
...
6

90
...
74

6
...
3

102
...
02

8
...
3

128
...
55

1
...
3

154
...
11

1
...
1

202
...
18

3
...
1

254
...
27

5
...
9

303
...
31

7
...
6

333
...
10

8
...
4

381
...
70

0
...
2

428
...
27

0
...
0

477
...
06

0
...
6

574
...
45

0
...
com

80

Formulas and Conversions

References

6 References
6
...
00
8

2A
2

3A
13

4A
14

5A
15

6A
16

7A
17

2
He
4
...
94
1

4
Be
9
...
8
1

6
C
12
...
0
1

8
O
16
...
0
0

10
Ne
20
...
9
9

12
Mg
24
...
9
8

14
Si
28
...
9
7

16
S
32
...
4
5

18
Ar
39
...
1
0

20
Ca
40
...
9
6

22
Ti
47
...
9
4

24
Cr
52
...
9
4

26
Fe
55
...
9
3

28
Ni
58
...
5
5

30
Zn
65
...
7
2

32
Ge
72
...
9
2

34
Se
78
...
9
0

36
Kr
83
...
4
7

38
Sr
87
...
9
1

40
Zr
91
...
9
1

42
Mo
95
...
9

44
Ru
101
...

9

46
Pd
106
...

9

48
Cd
112
...

8

50
Sn
118
...

8

52
Te
127
...

9

54
Xe
131
...

9

56
Ba
137
...

9

72
Hf
178
...

9

74
W
183
...

2

76
Os
190
...

2

78
Pt
195
...

0

80
Hg
200
...

4

82
Pb
207
...
(209) (210) (222)
0

64
Gd
157
...

9

66
Dy
162
...

9

68
Er
167
...

9

88
87
Ra
Fr
(223) 226
...
(261) (262) (266) (264) (265) (268)
0

58
Ce
140
...

9

62
61
60
Sm
Pm
Nd
144
...

4
2

90
Th
232
...

0

92
U
238
...

0

70
Yb
173
...

0

100 101 102 103
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
Lr
No
Md
Fm
Es
Cf
Bk
Am Cm
Pu
Np
237
...
com

81

Formulas and Conversions

6
...

Who are we?
We are the world’s leading oilfield services company
...


Who are we looking for?
We offer countless opportunities in the following domains:
n Engineering, Research, and Operations
n Geoscience and Petrotechnical
n Commercial and Business
If you are a self-motivated graduate looking for a dynamic career,
apply to join our team
...
slb
...
com

82

Click on the ad to read more

Formulas and Conversions

References

Courtesy: Dick Smith Electronics, Australia

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...

Your business grows by developing the skills and expertise of your most important asset – your people
...

We specialize in the fields of electrical systems, industrial data communications, telecommunications, automation and
control, mechanical engineering, project and financial management and are continually adding to our portfolio of over
140 different workshops
...
With offices conveniently located worldwide,
IDC Technologies has an enthusiastic team of professional engineers, technicians and support staff who are committed
to providing the highest quality of training, publishing and consultancy services
...
idc-online
...
com

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
5 & Modern SCADA Communication Systems
Practical Troubleshooting & Problem Solving of Ethernet Networks
Practical FieldBus and Device Networks for Engineers and Technicians
Practical Fiber Optics for Engineers and Technicians
Practical Troubleshooting & Problem Solving of Industrial Data Communications
Practical Industrial Networking for Engineers & Technicians
Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking for Industry
Practical Fundamentals of Telecommunications and Wireless Communications
Practical Radio & Telemetry Systems for Industry
Practical TCP/IP Troubleshooting & Problem Solving for Industry
Practical Wireless Networking Technologies for Industry
Practical Routers & Switches (Including TCP/IP & Ethernet) for Engineers and Technicians
Best Practice in Industrial Data Communications Systems
Practical Fundamentals of VOICE over IP (VoIP) for Engineers & Technicians
Practical Troubleshooting, Design & Selection of Fiber Optic Systems for Industry

Linköping University –
innovative, highly ranked,
European
Interested in Engineering and its various branches? Kickstart your career with an English-taught master’s degree
...
com

85

Click on the ad to read more

Formulas and Conversions

Training Workshops and Books

Troubleshooting Industrial Ethernet & TCP/IP Networks
Back to Basics Wireless Networking & Telemetry Systems for Industry
Wireless Networking & Radio Telemetry Systems for Industry

Electrical Power
Practical Electrical Network Automation & Communication Systems
Practical Troubleshooting of Electrical Equipment and Control Circuits
Practical Grounding/Earthing, Bonding, Lightning & Surge Protection
Practical High Voltage Safety Operating Procedures for Engineers and Technicians
Practical Power Distribution
Practical Power Quality: Problems & Solutions
Practical Power Systems Protection for Engineers and Technicians
Practical Variable Speed Drives for Instrumentation and Control Systems
Practical Electrical Wiring Standards - IEE BS7671 - 2001 Edition
Practical Wind & Solar Power - Renewable Energy Technologies
Practical Distribution & Substation Automation (incl
...
com

86

Formulas and Conversions

Training Workshops and Books

Instrumentation, Automation & Process Control
Practical Analytical Instrumentation in On-Line Applications
Practical Alarm Systems Management for Engineers and Technicians
Troubleshooting Programmable Logic Controller’s for Automation and Process Control
Practical Batch Management & Control (Including S88) for Industry
Practical Boiler Control and Instrumentation for Engineers and Technicians
Practical Programming for Industrial Control - using ( IEC 1131-3 and OPC )
Practical Troubleshooting of Data Acquisition & SCADA Systems for Engineers and Technicians
Practical Industrial Flow Measurement for Engineers and Technicians
Practical Hazops, Trips and Alarms
Practical Hazardous Areas for Engineers and Technicians
A Practical Mini MBA in Instrumentation and Automation
Practical Instrumentation for Automation and Process Control
Practical Intrinsic Safety for Engineers and Technicians
Practical Tuning of Industrial Control Loops
Practical Motion Control for Engineers and Technicians
Practical Fundamentals of OPC (OLE for Process Control)
Practical Process Control for Engineers and Technicians
Practical Process Control & Tuning of Industrial Control Loops
Practical SCADA & Telemetry Systems for Industry
Practical Shutdown & Turnaround Management for Engineers and Managers
Practical Safety Instrumentation & Emergency Shutdown Systems for Process Industries using IEC 61511 and IEC 61508
Practical Fundamentals of E-Manufacturing, Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) and Supply Chain Management
Practical Industrial Programming using 61131-3 for Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
Control Valve Sizing, Selection and Maintenance
Best Practice in Process, Electrical and Instrumentation Drawings & Documentation
Practical Distributed Control Systems (DCS)

Mechanical Engineering
Practical Fundamentals of Heating, Ventilation & Air-conditioning (HVAC) for Engineers & Technicians
Practical Boiler Plant Operation and Management for Engineers and Technicians
Practical Cleanroom Technology and Facilities for Engineers and Technicians
Practical Hydraulic Systems: Operation and Troubleshooting
Practical Lubrication Engineering for Engineers and Technicians
Practical Safe Lifting Practice and Maintenance
Practical Centrifugal Pumps - Optimizing Performance
Practical Machinery and Automation Safety for Industry
Practical Machinery Vibration Analysis and Predictive Maintenance
Practical Pneumatics: Operation and Troubleshooting for Engineers and Technicians
Practical Pumps and Compressors: Control, Operation, Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
com

88

Click on the ad to read more

Formulas and Conversions

PAST PARTICIPANTS SAY:

Past Participants Say
“Excellent instructor with plenty of practical knowledge
...
”
Hugh Donohue, AMEC
“Saved hours of trial and error
...
”
Jim Hannen, Wheeling-Misshen Inc
...
Thank you
...
The instructor was able to set an excellent pace
and was very responsive to the class
...
After this course, I feel more confident with
my newfound knowledge
...
The instructor was excellent and kept me fully interested from
start to finish
...
”
Chris Mercer, Air Products
“Very competent and great presenter
...
”
Brett Muhlhauser, Connell Wagner

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
”
Robert Higgenbotham, Yallourn Energy
“Well presented and the instructor obviously has the practical knowledge to back things up
...
Also helped to bring me up to date on new technology
...
Burnie, Sellotape
“I like the practicality of the workshop
...
Experience the advantages
of our collaboration with major companies like
ABB, Volvo and Ericsson!

Apply by
15 January
2016

World class
research

www
...
se

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
In today’s competitive
environment, you require training that will help you and your organization to achieve its goals and produce a
large return on investment
...
Expert knowledge and experience – of the course topic
2
...
Listening skills – they listen carefully to the needs of the participants and want to ensure that
you benefit from the experience Each and every instructor is evaluated by the delegates and we
assess the presentation after each class to ensure that the instructor stays on track in presenting
outstanding courses
...

QUALITY MANUALS
A fully illustrated workshop manual with hundreds of pages of tables, charts, figures and handy hints, plus considerable
reference material is provided FREE of charge to each delegate
...
The Institution of Electrical Engineers and Institution of Measurement and Control in the
UK, Institution of Engineers in Australia, Institution of Engineers New Zealand)

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...

100% MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

IDC Technologies’ engineers have put considerable time and experience into ensuring that you gain maximum
value from each workshop
...

ON-SITE TRAINING
On-site training is a cost-effective method of training for companies with several employees to train in a particular area
...
Other benefits
are IDC’s ability to focus on particular systems and equipment so that attendees obtain the greatest benefit from the
training
...

Specific areas of interest to the client can also be covered in more detail
...
IDC has the engineering and training expertise and resources to work closely with clients in preparing and
presenting specialized courses
...
The benefits to companies in adopting this option are
reflected in the increased efficiency of their operations and equipment
...
com

SAVE OVER 50%
SPECIALIST CONSULTING

IDC Technologies has been providing high quality specialist advice and consulting for more than ten years to
organizations around the world
...
We pride our selves on being the premier provider of practical and cost-effective engineering
solutions
...
com

92

Formulas and Conversions

TECHNICAL WORKSHOPS

PROFESSIONALLY STAFFED
IDC Technologies consists of an enthusiastic and experienced team that is committed to providing the highest quality
in consulting services
...

CLIENT FOCUS
IDC’s independence and impartiality guarantee that clients receive unbiased advice and recommendations, focused on
providing the best technical and economical solutions to the client’s specific and individual requirements
...
com

93

Formulas and Conversions

TECHNICAL WORKSHOPS

CANADA
AECL • AIRCOM INDUSTRIES (76) LTD • ATCO ELECTRIC • BC GAS - CANADA •BC HYDRO • BOMBARDIER
• CITY OF LONDON - ONTARIO • CITY OF OTTAWA •CITY OF SASKATOON • CONOCO CANADA LIMITED
• DEPT OF NATIONAL DEFENCE - CANADA • ENBRIDGE PIPELINES • ENMAX • FORD ELECTRONICS
MANUFACTURING PLANT • GE ENERGY SERVICES • GENERAL MOTORS •GUILLEVIN AUTOMATION
• HUSKY OIL • IMC LTD • IMPERIAL OIL • INCO LTD •KALPEN VACHHARAJANI • KEYANO COLLEGE •
LABRADOR HYDRO • MANITOBA HYDRO • MANITOBA LOTTERIES CORP • MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEW
FOUNDLAND • MILLTRONICS • NEW BRUNSWICK POWER • NOVA CHEMICALS •NXTPHASE CORPORATION
- VANCOUVER • ONTARIO HYDRO • OTTAWA HYDRO• PETRO CANADA • POWER MEASUREMENT LTD •
SASKATCHEWAN POWER •SPARTAN CONTROLS • STONE CONSOLIDATED • STORA • SUNCOR ENERGY
•SYNCRUDE • TELUS • TRANS CANADA PIPELINES • TROJAN TECHNOLOGIES •WASCANA ENERGY • WEST
COAST ENERGY • WEYERHAUSER
FRANCE
SCHLUMBERGER
INDIA
MASIBUS

We ask you
WHERE DO YOU
WANT TO BE?

TomTom is a place for people who see solutions
when faced with problems, who have the energy
to drive our technology, innovation, growth along
with goal achievement
...
If you share our passion - this
could be the place for you
...

For further information, please visit tomtom
...
com

94

Click on the ad to read more

Formulas and Conversions

TECHNICAL WORKSHOPS

IRELAND
BAYER DIAGNOSTICS • ESB DISTRIBUTION • INTEL • IRISH CEMENT • JANNSEN PHARMACEUTICALS LTD •
MICROSOL LIMITED • PFIZER • PILZ IRELAND •PROSCON ENGINEERING
KOREA
US DEPT OF THE ARMY
MALAWI
DWANGA SUGAR CORPORATION
MALAYSIA
GERMAN MALAYSIA INSTITUTE
NAMIBIA
NAMIBIAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION • NAMPOWER • NAMWATER
NEW ZEALAND
ACI PACKAGING • AJ GREAVES • ANCHOR PRODUCTS • AUCKLAND REGIONAL COUNCIL • BALLANCE
AGRI NUTRIENTS • CONTACT ENERGY • ENZAFOODS NZ LTD • ERICCSON • FISHER & PAYKEL • GEC
ALSTHOM • JAMES HARDIE • METHANEX NZ LTD • NATURAL GAS NZ • NZ MILK PRODUCTS • NZ WATER
AND WASTE ASSOC • NORSKE SKOG • NZ ALUMINIUM SMELTERS • NZ REFINING CO • PAN PAC FOREST
PRODUCTS • POWERCO • ROCKWELL NZ • ROTORUA DISTRICT COUNCIL • ROYAL NEW ZEALAND NAVY
• THE UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND •
SAUDI ARABIA
SAUDI ELECTRIC COMPANY
SINGAPORE
ACTIVEMEDIA INNOVATION PTE LTD • FLOTECH CONTROLS • LAND TRANSPORT AUTHORITY • NGEE
ANN POLYTECHNIC • OWER SERAYA LTD • WESTINGHOUSE • YOKOGAWA SINGAPORE
SOUTH AFRICA
AMATOLA DISTRICT COUNCIL • ANGLO AMERICAN • BATEMAN METALS • CALTEX REFINERIES •
CHEVRON ANGOLA • COLUMBUS STAINLESS • DE BEERS KIMBERLEY • DE BEERS VENETIA MINE • DEBEERS
DEBTECH • DURBAN METRO• EAST DRIEFONTEIN GOLD MINE • EASTERN CAPE TECH • EMERGENCY
SERVICES, METRORAIL • ESKOM • GRINTEK EWATION • HIGHVELD STEEL •HILLSIDE • ILLOVO SUGAR •
IMPALA PLATINUMS • ISCOR • IST • JOY MINING •KOEBURG POWER STATION • LEVER PONDS • METSO

Download free eBooks at bookboon
...
com

96

Formulas and Conversions

TECHNICAL WORKSHOPS

KINGDOM PAPER • VG GAS • VICTREX PLC • VSEC • WATER SERVICE • YARROW SHIPBUILDERS • YORKSHIRE
ELECTRIC • YORKSHIRE ELECTRIC
USA
ACW INCORPORATED • AERO SYSTEMS - NASA • AK STEEL CORPORATION • ALCATEL • ALLEN BRADLEY
• AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER/RADISSON AIRPORT HOTEL • AMGEN INCORPORATED • ANDERSEN
CORPORATION • ARROW INTERNATIONAL • ASTRA ZENECA PHARMACEUTICALS • AVISTA CORPORATION
• BOEING • BOWATER NEWSPRINT • CENTRAL MAINE POWER COMPANY • CHEVRON • CITY OF DETROIT •
DAISHOWA PAPER MILL • DEGUSSA CORPORATION • DEPT OF ENERGY • DEQUESNE LIGHT • DETROIT WATER
• EXXON MOBIL CHEMICAL COMPANY • FMC CORPORATION • GENERAL MONITORS • HARNISCHFEGER •
HOME STAKE MINING CO • HONEYWELL • HUGHES AIRCRAFT • IDM CONTROLS • ISA • K-TRON INSTITUTE
• LCRA • LIFESCAN • LONGVIEW FIBER • LOOP LLC • LUCAS BODY SYSTEMS • MCKEE FOODS • MILLTRONICS
• NASA • PARKER COMPUTER • PEPPERL FUCHS • PHELPS DODGE • PHILIP MORRIS • PROCESS EQUIPMENT
COMPANY • RALSTON PURINA • SAN DIEGO COUNTY WATER AUTHORITY • SAN FRANCISCO WATER
DEPARTMENT • SANTA CLARA VALLEY WATER • SECURITIES INDUSTRY AUTOMATION CORP • SERANO
LABORATORIES • SIEMENS POWER • SIEMENS WESTINGHOUSE • SPAWAR SYSTEMS CENTER • SPEEDFAM
CORP • STILL WATER MINING CORPORATION • TOYOTA MOTOR MANUFACTURING • TUCSON ELECTRIC •
UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORP (UTC) • UNOCAL ALASKA RESOURCES • UTILITY ENGINEERING • VALTEK
• WASHINGTON WATER POWER • WISCONSIN POWER • ZENECA
ZIMBABWE
TRIANGLE LIMITED

Think Umeå
...
teknat
...
se/english

97

Click on the ad to read more



---