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Title: Gendering Globalisation
Description: These notes look at the impact of globalisation on gender. First year politics degree at Cardiff University.
Description: These notes look at the impact of globalisation on gender. First year politics degree at Cardiff University.
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Friday, 15 April 2016
Gendering Globalisation
What is gender?
- Not a synonym for women
- The socially and culturally constructed categories of ‘masculinity’ and ‘feminity’ norms and expectations
• Men can be feminine, women can be masculine but usually invite sanctions
• Binary thinking conceals multiple ways to be a man, woman or ability to self-identify
in other ways
- Gender are socially constructed, historically contingent “women and men are made
not born” de Beauvoir
- Hierarchies between women and between men as well as between the genders intersectionality
Why analyse globalisation through a gendered lens?
- Historically different notions of gender show how globalisation has entrenched existing
and facilitated new gendered inequalities
- Gender inequality is a globalised phenomenon
• Women are two thirds of the world working population but they only own less than
1% of the worlds property
Gender and the birth of the global capitalism: The West and the ‘rest’
- Industrialisation - public/private (Clark): working class men as ‘dispensable’ (Engels)
- Breadwinner for men, homemaker for women: hard to break away from this
• Came around during the European Industrial Revolution
• Households changed their way of being, but always have had a male head of house
or patriarch
- Women became ‘housewives’ and created the idea of home maker or cottage
wife
- Women didn’t learn crafts or skills anymore because the home was no longer the
‘factory’ , the factory was elsewhere
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Friday, 15 April 2016
- Childcare issues arose for the women staying at home
• Marriage was more egalitarian before the industrial era, women were more
economically active
• Men were enticed by the industrial cities being able to provide money and better
opportunities
• Colonisation
- “rested on the exploitation of people’s bodies, land and labour” Pettman 1996
- Colonised women as sexual objects, colonised men as ‘barbaric’ Enloe 2000
• 1970s - the global restructuring and birth of IPE (Stearns)
Social construction and globalisation
- Understanding the reason for the economic insecurity
- It’s not just market conditions dictating the disproportionate poverty of women
- Ideas create material impact
Gender and global political economy
- Mackintosh’s 1981 3 modes of production:
• Social reproduction:
- ‘Men’s’ and ‘women’s’ roles - the processes by which the main relations in society
ate constantly recreated and perpetuated
• Reproduction of labour
- Processes of care and socialisation may ensure that society continues - inclining
the bearing of children, their care and upbringing, and the maintenance of adults
throughout their lives
...
The Global North: UK Gendered Pay Gap
- Women can expect to earn significantly less than men over their entire careers
(currently at 13
Title: Gendering Globalisation
Description: These notes look at the impact of globalisation on gender. First year politics degree at Cardiff University.
Description: These notes look at the impact of globalisation on gender. First year politics degree at Cardiff University.