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Chemistry Revision C1
C1
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Neutrons
are neutral, but protons and electrons are electrically charged: protons have a relative charge
of +1 and electrons have a relative charge of -1
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An element is a substance that is made
of only one sort of atom
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These are shown in the
periodic table, which is a chart with all the elements arranged in a particular way
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The elements in a group have similar properties to each other
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Most of the elements are metals
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This usually consists of one
or two different letters, but sometimes three letters are used for newly discovered elements
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Atomic number and Mass number
The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons it contains
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The atoms of different
elements have a different numbers of protons
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The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons it contains
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It can be the same, but is usually
bigger
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The full chemical symbol for an element shows
its mass number at the top, and its atomic number at the bottom
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It will also have 17 electrons,
because the number of protons and electrons in an atom is the same
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Note that you can work out the number of neutrons from the mass number and atomic
number
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Electronic Structure
The electrons in an atom occupy energy levels
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Each electron in an
atom is found in a particular energy level
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Each energy level can only hold a certain number of electrons before it becomes
full
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