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Title: Urinary System
Description: These notes discuss the anatomy and functions of the urinary system. These include practice problems which test you over the knowledge of the system.
Description: These notes discuss the anatomy and functions of the urinary system. These include practice problems which test you over the knowledge of the system.
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BIO 230
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– Regulates plasma concentrations of ions- sodium, potassium, and chloride
– Regulates blood volume and blood pressure:
• Adjusts the volume of water lost in the urine
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– Conserves valuable nutrients
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(active form of vitamin D= D3)
– Assists the liver in detoxifying poisons
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The DCT
2
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The collecting duct
4
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Absorption
2
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Filtration
4
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Absorbs additional water and sodium and chloride ions-body doesn't want too low of blood
pressure or too high blood pressure, these ions will go to collecting ducts to be excreted
2
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Reabsorbs H ions
4
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• Stretching initiates micturition reflex – opens sphincters and allows urine to flow out
– Internal sphincter-know this on slide 27 as well
– External sphincter-know this on slide 27 as well
– When holding your bladder, you are trying to stop these muscles from relaxing
Urethra
• Transport of urine for excretion outside of body
• Only ONE urethra
– Males (7-8 inches); females (1-1
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These cells are able to stretch when the bladder is full and shrink when it is emptied
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Transitional cell carcinoma can be low-grade or high-grade:
Low-grade transitional cell carcinoma often recurs (comes back) after treatment, but
rarely spreads into the muscle layer of the bladder or to other parts of the body
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Almost all deaths from bladder cancer are due to high-grade disease
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Adenocarcinoma: Cancer that begins in glandular (secretory) cells that are found in the lining of
the bladder
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When we reproduce these epithelium cells often, any cells that reproduce often are at high risk
for cancer
For bladder cancer you would have to take entire bladder out, then run ureters out of body to bag
outside of body
What is the function of calcitriol? CHECK THIS ANSWER (?)
1
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Increases calcium absorption by the intestines
3
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Decreases the amount of calcium retained at the kidneys
What feature of the urinary bladder allows it to distend?
1
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Rugae
3
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Lamina propria
Why are females more prone to urinary tract infections than males?
1
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The urethra is closer to the anus in females
3
...
All of the above
Title: Urinary System
Description: These notes discuss the anatomy and functions of the urinary system. These include practice problems which test you over the knowledge of the system.
Description: These notes discuss the anatomy and functions of the urinary system. These include practice problems which test you over the knowledge of the system.