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Title: Autonomic Nervous System
Description: These notes include an overview of the Autonomic Nervous System which asks questions covering the systems which are answered on the study guide. This also includes an entire overview of the nervous system.
Description: These notes include an overview of the Autonomic Nervous System which asks questions covering the systems which are answered on the study guide. This also includes an entire overview of the nervous system.
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CHAPTER 17
The Autonomic Nervous System
LECTURE – Learning Objectives
Identify the principal structures of the ANS and compare the two functional
divisions of the autonomic nervous system
...
nervous system
...
Most
postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine, effects are stimulatory
Sympathetic ganglion fibers release acetylcholine at the synapse with ganglionic
neurons, these are cholinergic synapses
The stimulation of ganglionic neurons cases the release of norepinephrine at the
neuroeffector junction, these terminals are adrenergic
Some ganglionic neurons also release acetycholine especially at the nerueffector
junctions of skeletal muscles
Describe the anatomy of the parasympathetic division and its relationship to
3
...
Parasympathetic has a neuron, a preganglionic fiber, a parasympathetic ganglion
which contains a ganglionic neuron and a postganglionic fiber, and lastly has a target
Parasympathetic involves the CN III, CN VII, CNIX, AND CN X
Involves sacral segment S2-S4
All parasympathetic neurons are cholinergic
Release of ACh stimulates nicotinic receptors on ganglionic neurons
Release of ACh on neuroeffector junctions stimulates muscarinic receptors
Discuss the relationship between the sympathetic and parasympathetic
4
...
Sympathetic winds body up, parasympathetic winds body down
1
...
5
...
Older terminology
ANS = “involuntary” nervous system
SNS = “voluntary” nervous system
Autonomic Nervous System, 5
Difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems:
Somatic
Autonomic
Target organ
Number of efferent neurons
Cell bodies outside CNS
Effect on target
Transmission occurs via
Nerve fiber size & speed
Autonomic Nervous System, 6
Target organ function
Efferent Neurons of the Somatic (SNS) vs
...
The activities of the enteric nervous system are visceral reflexes that are initiated and coordinated
locally
...
synapse within SCG at
2
...
pass through SCG and proceed to
•
Collateral Ganglia
Preganglionic neurons coverge to form
Splanchnic nerves innervate three lateral ganglia:
Celiac ganglion
Superior mesenteric ganglion
Inferior mesenteric ganglion
•
Suprarenal Medullae
Autonomic Nervous System, 10
Clinical note: damage to cervical spinal nerve will cause voluntary muscle paralysis on
affected side head/neck/trunk
...
Ganglia often interconnect with other
ganglia to form a complex system of ganglia known as a plexus
...
There are two major groups of ganglia:
• dorsal root ganglia (also known as the spinal ganglia) - contain the cell bodies of
sensory (afferent) nerves
• autonomic ganglia - contain the cell bodies of autonomic nerves
...
SPLANCHNIC NERVES (greater, lesser, lumbar, and sacral)
The splanchnic nerves are paired nerves that contribute to the innervation of the viscera,
carrying fibers of the autonomic nervous system (visceral efferent fibers) as well as sensory
fibers from the organs (which are also known as visceral afferent fibers)
...
The term splanchnic nerves can refer to:
• Cardiopulmonary nerves
•
Thoracic splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, and least)
•
Lumbar splanchnic nerves
•
Sacral splanchnic nerves
•
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
PREVERTEBRAL/COLLATERAL GANGLIA
...
prevertebral ganglia, collections of postgangionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies in
recognizable aggregations along the abdominal prevertebral plexus
...
Prevertebral ganglia (or collateral ganglia or preaortic ganglia) are sympathetic ganglia
which lie between the sympathetic chain and the organ of supply
...
It measures
1–2 millimeters in diameter and contains approximately 2,500 neurons
...
The postganglionic axons
run in the short ciliary nerves and innervate two eye muscles:
the sphincter pupillae constricts the pupil, know as Miosis
...
the ciliaris muscle contracts, releasing tension on the Zonular Fibers, making the lens more
convex, also known as accommodation
...
It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck
...
SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION
The submandibular ganglion (or submaxillary ganglion in older texts) is part of the human
autonomic nervous system
...
(The others are the otic ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, and ciliary ganglion)
...
The pterygopalatine ganglion (or sphenopalatine ganglion) is a parasympathetic ganglion
found in the pterygopalatine fossa
...
Biggest of the four
OTIC GANGLION
The otic ganglion is a small, ovalshaped, flattened parasympathetic ganglion of a reddish-gray
color, located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa
...
This is NOT
intended to be an exhaustive list of questions; meaning that some content covered in the course may not appear on
this practice exam but may appear on the actual lecture exam
...
1
...
b
...
d
...
the sympathetic division of the ANS consists of which of the following:
specialized neurons within the adrenal medulla
a
...
preganglionic neurons
chain ganglia
c
...
collateral ganglia
all of the above
e
...
Which of the following does not apply to preganglionic neurons of the ANS sympathetic division?
They are located between T1 and L2 of the spinal cord
a
...
Their cells bodies are situated in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord
Their axons synapse with the peripheral effector organs
c
...
Their axons are usually shorter than the postganglionic axons
4
...
b
...
d
...
Specific functions of the parasympathetic division include
Papillary constriction
a
...
Secretion by digestive glands
Secretion of hormones that promote nutrient absorption by peripheral cells
c
...
Constriction of the respiratory passageways
All of the above
e
...
Signs of the sympathetic stimulation include:
An increase in cardiovascular and respiratory activity
a
...
A decrease in blood pressure
Deactivation of the somatic motor neurons
c
...
A feeling of lethargy
a and b from above are correct
e
...
The origin of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is
craniosacral
a
...
peripheral only
dorsolumbar
c
...
cervicothoracic
none of the above
e
...
Which is NOT part of the fight-or flight response?
Dilation of the pupils
a
...
Increased heart rate
Autonomic Nervous System, 21
c
...
9
...
b
...
one or more synaptic terminal
d
...
10
...
b
...
d
...
In the ANS:
a
...
Preganglionic fibers are unmyelinated
c
...
Neither are true
12
...
Collateral ganglia
b
...
Ciliary ganglion
d
...
All of the above will affect target organs in the abdominopelvic cavity
MULTIPLE-CHOICE PRACTICE ANSWERS
1
...
e
3
...
a
5
...
a
7
...
d
9
...
a
11
...
a
Autonomic Nervous System, 22
Title: Autonomic Nervous System
Description: These notes include an overview of the Autonomic Nervous System which asks questions covering the systems which are answered on the study guide. This also includes an entire overview of the nervous system.
Description: These notes include an overview of the Autonomic Nervous System which asks questions covering the systems which are answered on the study guide. This also includes an entire overview of the nervous system.